Journals / Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi / 2023 / Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1

Epidemics (Cholera, Plague) in Istanbul and Izmir and Their Effects on Turkish-American Trade According to American Consular Reports

Amerikan Konsolosluk Raporlarına Göre İstanbul ve İzmir’de Salgın Hastalıklar (Kolera, Veba) ve Türk-Amerikan Ticaretine Olan Etkileri

Pages
164–181
Publication Date
2023-06-30
DOI
—
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

These events at the local level in Istanbul and Izmir give us an idea to draw a general picture of the commercial difficulties experienced in the face of epidemics.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Epidemics were transported to Istanbul and Izmir by ships and caravans.
📊
Key Findings & Data:During the epidemics, the Ottoman Empire's relations with the West decreased considerably.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:These events at the local level in Istanbul and Izmir give us an idea to draw a general picture of the commercial difficulties experienced in the face of epidemics.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:: Veba · kolera · İstanbul

Abstract

Epidemics were transported to Istanbul and Izmir by ships and caravans. Ottoman administrators tried to prevent the spread of epidemics by applying the cordon method, opening preventive houses and applying quarantine methods. During the epidemics, the Ottoman Empire's relations with the West decreased considerably. During the epidemic, there were disruptions in Turkish-American diplomatic relations, especially in mutual trade. For example, the USA has occasionally banned the shipment of dried figs from Izmir. During the period of the diseases, trade was very sensitive. The American consuls of the period in Istanbul and Izmir also kept in touch with Washington and followed the epidemics in their regions. Various studies have been carried out on this subject so far, but no evaluation has been made in line with American consulate reports. In this study, 19. end of century 20. epidemic diseases in Istanbul and Izmir at the beginning of the 19th century and their effects on Turkish-American trade relations were discussed as reflected in the American consulate reports. These events at the local level in Istanbul and Izmir give us an idea to draw a general picture of the commercial difficulties experienced in the face of epidemics.

Özet

Salgın hastalıklar İstanbul ve İzmir’e gemi ve kervanlar aracılığıyla taşınmıştır. Osmanlı yöneticileri kordon usulü uygulayıp tedbirhaneler açarak ve karantina yöntemlerini uygulayarak salgınların yayılmasını engellemeye çalışmışlardır. Bazı dönemlerde Osmanlı Devleti’nin Batı ile olan ilişkileri bu salgınlar nedeniyle oldukça azalmıştır. Bu nedenle diplomatik ilişkiler, özellikle karşılıklı ticaret, hatta askeri çatışmalarda bile karmaşıklık yaşanmıştır. ABD zaman zaman İzmir’den kuru incir sevkiyatını yasaklamış ve hastalığın olduğu dönemlerde ticaret konusunda çok hassas davranmıştır. Dönemin İstanbul ve İzmir’deki Amerikan konsolosları da Washington’la sürekli iletişim halinde kalarak bölgelerindeki salgın hastalıkları takip etmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada XIX. yüzyıl sonu XX. yüzyıl başlarında İstanbul ve İzmir’deki veba ve kolera salgınının durumu ve bunun ABD ile olan ticari ilişkilerine etkisi Amerikan konsolosluk raporlarına yansıdığı kadarıyla konu edilmiştir. İstanbul ve İzmir’de yaşanan yerel düzeydeki bu olaylar bize veba ve kolera hastalığı karşısında yaşanılan ticari zorluklarla ilgili genel bir tablo çizebilmemiz için fikir vermektedir.

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Cite This Article

SOFU, S. Ö., KAYA, G. (2023). Epidemics (Cholera, Plague) in Istanbul and Izmir and Their Effects on Turkish-American Trade According to American Consular Reports. Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 164–181. https://ajindex.com/articles/946349

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References (1)

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