Journals / Journal of Kocaeli Health and Technology University / 2026 / Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

The Effect of Virtual Reality Applications on Motivation in Cardiopulmonary Diseases: A Narrative Review

Kardiyopulmoner Hastalıklarda Sanal Gerçeklik Uygulamalarının Motivasyon Üzerine Etkisi: Anlatısal Bir Derleme

Çağla Soycan(KOCAELİ SAĞLIK VE TEKNOLOJİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, LİSANSÜSTÜ EĞİTİM ENSTİTÜSÜ)0009-0009-7869-793X
Ebru Sever(KOCAELİ SAĞLIK VE TEKNOLOJİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0002-9974-8718
Pages
211–234
Publication Date
2026-08-24
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The findings indicate that VR-based interventions, particularly in cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation settings, improve treatment adherence, make exercise programs more sustainable and engaging, and generally have positive effects on motivation.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Cardiopulmonary diseases include chronic conditions affecting the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Key Findings & Data:A search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for studies published between January 2021 and June 2026.
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Conclusion & Impact:The findings indicate that VR-based interventions, particularly in cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation settings, improve treatment adherence, make exercise programs more sustainable and engaging, and generally have positive effects on motivation.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:2021 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Kardiyak Rehabilitasyon · Pulmoner Rehabilitasyon · Sanal Gerçeklik

Abstract

Cardiopulmonary diseases include chronic conditions affecting the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In these conditions, patient motivation and treatment adherence play a critical role in the success of rehabilitation outcomes. Virtual reality (VR) and exergame-based interventions have emerged as innovative approaches that may enhance patient engagement by making rehabilitation more interactive and motivating. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the effects of virtual reality and exergame-based interventions on motivation in cardiopulmonary diseases through a comprehensive literature review. A search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for studies published between January 2021 and June 2026. Studies involving individuals with cardiopulmonary diseases that examined VR or exergame-based rehabilitation interventions and reported outcomes related to motivation, treatment adherence, physical activity, or psychosocial factors were included. Studies involving healthy populations, purely technological descriptions, and protocol papers were excluded. A total of 48 studies were included in the review. The findings indicate that VR-based interventions, particularly in cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation settings, improve treatment adherence, make exercise programs more sustainable and engaging, and generally have positive effects on motivation. Regarding psychological outcomes, reductions in anxiety and depression were the most consistent findings, whereas results related to physical performance were more heterogeneous. However, the assessment and reporting of motivation varied considerably across studies and was mostly considered a secondary outcome. In conclusion, virtual reality interventions may be considered a complementary approach in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, particularly in enhancing motivation and treatment adherence. Integrating VR-based interventions into individualized rehabilitation programs may contribute to improved patient compliance and rehabilitation outcomes.

Özet

Kardiyopulmoner hastalıklar; koroner arter hastalığı, kalp yetersizliği ve kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH) gibi kardiyovasküler ve solunum sistemini etkileyen kronik hastalıkları kapsamaktadır. Bu hastalıklarda rehabilitasyon sürecinin başarısı açısından hasta motivasyonu ve tedaviye katılım kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Sanal gerçeklik (SG) ve exergame temelli uygulamalar, rehabilitasyon sürecini daha etkileşimli ve motive edici hâle getirerek hasta katılımını artırabilecek yenilikçi yaklaşımlar olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu narrative derlemenin amacı, kardiyopulmoner hastalıklarda sanal gerçeklik ve exergame temelli uygulamaların motivasyon üzerindeki etkilerini kapsamlı bir literatür incelemesi ile değerlendirmektir. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus ve Google Scholar veri tabanlarında Ocak 2021-Haziran 2026 tarihleri arasında yayımlanan çalışmalar taranmıştır. Kardiyopulmoner hastalığı olan bireyleri içeren, SG veya exergame temelli rehabilitasyon uygulamalarını inceleyen ve motivasyon, tedaviye uyum, fiziksel aktivite veya psikososyal çıktıları raporlayan çalışmalar dahil edilmiştir. Sağlıklı bireyler, yalnızca teknoloji tanıtımı içeren yayınlar ve protokol çalışmaları dışlanmıştır. Toplam 48 çalışma derlemeye dahil edilmiştir. Bulgular, SG tabanlı müdahalelerin özellikle kardiyak ve pulmoner rehabilitasyon süreçlerinde tedaviye katılımı artırdığını, egzersiz sürecini daha sürdürülebilir ve eğlenceli hâle getirdiğini ve motivasyon üzerinde genel olarak olumlu etkiler sağladığını göstermektedir. Psikolojik çıktılar açısından anksiyete ve depresyon düzeylerinde azalma en tutarlı bulgu olarak öne çıkarken, fiziksel performans sonuçlarında daha heterojen bulgular rapor edilmiştir. Buna karşın motivasyonun ölçümü ve raporlanması çalışmalar arasında standart değildir ve çoğu çalışmada ikincil bir sonuç olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, sanal gerçeklik uygulamaları kardiyopulmoner rehabilitasyonda özellikle motivasyon ve tedaviye katılımı destekleyen tamamlayıcı bir yöntem olarak değerlendirilebilir. Klinik uygulamada SG tabanlı müdahalelerin bireyselleştirilmiş rehabilitasyon programlarına entegrasyonu, hasta uyumu ve rehabilitasyon başarısının artırılmasına katkı sağlayabilir.

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Cite This Article

Soycan, Ç., Sever, E. (2026). The Effect of Virtual Reality Applications on Motivation in Cardiopulmonary Diseases: A Narrative Review. Journal of Kocaeli Health and Technology University, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 211–234. https://doi.org/10.66163/jokohtu.1656410

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