Journals / Geriatrik Bilimler Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 9

Associations of Insulin Resistance Indices and Atherogenic Lipid Parameters with Bone Mineral Density and Fragility Fracture History in Men Aged 50 Years and Older and Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia or Osteoporosis

Osteopeni veya Osteoporozu Olan 50 Yaş ve Üzeri Erkekler ile Postmenopozal Kadınlarda İnsülin Direnci İndeksleri ve Aterojenik Lipid Parametrelerinin Kemik Mineral Yoğunluğu ve Frajilite Kırığı Öyküsü ile İlişkisi

Nazmiye Serap Biçer(SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, KAYSERİ SAĞLIK UYGULAMA VE ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ)0000-0001-8762-2571
Banu Açmaz(SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, KAYSERİ SAĞLIK UYGULAMA VE ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ)0000-0001-5535-1674
İfakat İrem Biçer(SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, KAYSERİ SAĞLIK UYGULAMA VE ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ)0009-0000-7470-2273
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-10-09
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Taken together, these observations highlight that the effects of metabolic disturbances on bone health should not be interpreted as uniform risk factors but rather evaluated within the context of age, body composition, and overall metabolic status.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: Insulin resistance (IR) and atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD) are metabolic disturbances strongly associated with cardiometabolic diseases.
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Key Findings & Data:The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships of insulin resistance indices and atherogenic lipid parameters with bone mineral density measurements and fragility fracture history in men aged 50 years and older and postmenopausal women in the presence of osteopenia or osteoporosis.
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Conclusion & Impact:Taken together, these observations highlight that the effects of metabolic disturbances on bone health should not be interpreted as uniform risk factors but rather evaluated within the context of age, body composition, and overall metabolic status.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2025 Verileri
⚙️Variables:İnsülin Direnci · Aterojenik Dislipidemi · Non-HDL Kolesterol

Abstract

Objective: Insulin resistance (IR) and atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD) are metabolic disturbances strongly associated with cardiometabolic diseases. In recent years, the evidence regarding the associations of IR and AD with skeletal measures and fracture outcomes in older individuals has remained limited and inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships of insulin resistance indices and atherogenic lipid parameters with bone mineral density measurements and fragility fracture history in men aged 50 years and older and postmenopausal women in the presence of osteopenia or osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: This single-center retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Kayseri City Hospital, Türkiye, between January 2025 and December 2025, and included men aged ≥50 years and postmenopausal women who underwent bone mineral density (BMD) measurement for screening purposes. Given the limited reliability of fasting insulin levels in older adults, insulin resistance was evaluated through the Metabolic Score For Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in place of HOMA-IR. Atherogenic dyslipidemia was characterized using triglyceride concentrations, HDL-C, LDL-C, total cholesterol, non-HDL-C, and the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio. Dyslipidemia was defined by elevated triglyceride concentrations, reduced HDL-C, or increased LDL-C, according to established thresholds. Fracture history was determined using clinical records and patient self-reports. Results:A total of 150 patients diagnosed with osteopenia or osteoporosis were included in the final analyses; 72.7% were female, and 37.3% had a history of fragility fracture (FF). FF was not associated with hypertension or dyslipidemia; however, it was observed more frequently among participants with a prior history of cerebrovascular events. The TyG index showed no significant association with bone-related parameters, whereas METS-IR demonstrated a significant positive association with femoral T-score and femoral BMD. In addition, individuals with higher METS-IR values also had higher non-HDL cholesterol levels and NHHR. Age was identified as an independent determinant of FF history. Conclusion: In this selected population of men aged 50 years and older and postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis, age remained the primary correlate of fragility fracture history. While age remains the primary determinant of fracture risk, METS-IR showed a significant positive association with femoral BMD and femoral T-score in correlation analyses, whereas no comparable association was observed with respect to the TyG. Taken together, these observations highlight that the effects of metabolic disturbances on bone health should not be interpreted as uniform risk factors but rather evaluated within the context of age, body composition, and overall metabolic status.

Özet

Amaç: İnsülin direnci (İR) ve aterojenik dislipidemi (AD), kardiyometabolik hastalıklarla güçlü biçimde ilişkili metabolik bozukluklardır. Son yıllarda ileri yaştaki bireylerde İR ve AD’nin iskelet ölçümleri ve kırık sonuçlarıyla ilişkisini ortaya koyan kanıtlar sınırlı ve tutarsızdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 50 yaş ve üzeri erkekler ile postmenopozal kadınlarda insülin direnci indeksleri ve aterojenik lipid parametrelerinin osteopeni/osteoporoz varlığında kemik mineral yoğunluğu ölçümleri ve frajilite kırığı öyküsü ile ilişkisini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu tek merkezli retrospektif kesitsel çalışmaya, Ocak 2025 ile Aralık 2025 tarihleri arasında Kayseri Şehir Hastanesi’nde tarama amacıyla kemik mineral yoğunluğu (KMY) ölçümü yapılan 50 yaş ve üzeri erkekler ile postmenopozal kadınlar dâhil edildi. İleri yaşta açlık insülin düzeylerinin sınırlı güvenilirliği nedeniyle, insülin direnci HOMA-IR yerine Metabolik İnsülin Direnci Skoru (METS-IR) ve trigliserid-glukoz (TyG) indeksi kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Aterojenik dislipidemi; trigliserid düzeyleri, HDL-K, LDL-K, total kolesterol, non-HDL-K ve non-HDL-K/HDL-K (NHHR) oranı ile tanımlandı. Dislipidemi, belirlenmiş eşiklere göre yüksek trigliserid düzeyleri, düşük HDL-K veya artmış LDL-K varlığıyla tanımlandı. Kırık öyküsü klinik kayıtlar ve hasta beyanları kullanılarak belirlendi. Bulgular: Son analizlere osteopeni veya osteoporoz tanısı olan toplam 150 hasta dâhil edildi; hastaların %72,7’si kadındı ve %37,3’ünde frajilite kırığı (FK) öyküsü vardı. FK öyküsü, hipertansiyon veya dislipidemi ile ilişkili bulunmadı; ancak geçirilmiş serebrovasküler olay öyküsü olan katılımcılarda daha sık gözlendi. TyG indeksi kemik ile ilişkili parametrelerle anlamlı bir ilişki göstermedi; buna karşılık METS-IR, femoral T-skoru ve femoral KMY ile anlamlı pozitif ilişki gösterdi. Ayrıca, METS-IR düzeyi daha yüksek olan bireylerde non-HDL kolesterol düzeyleri ve NHHR de daha yüksekti. Yaş, FK öyküsü için bağımsız bir belirleyici olarak saptandı. Sonuç: İleri yaştaki bireylerde İR belirteçleri ve AD, kemik sağlığı ile karmaşık ve doğrusal olmayan ilişkiler göstermektedir. Yaş kırık riski için birincil belirleyici olmaya devam ederken, METS-IR daha yüksek femoral kemik KMY ve femoral T-skoru ile anlamlı pozitif ilişki göstermiş; TyG indeksi için benzer bir ilişki saptanmamıştır. Bu bulgular, metabolik bozuklukların kemik sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerinin tek tip risk faktörleri olarak yorumlanmaması; yaş, vücut kompozisyonu ve metabolik durum gözetilerek değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Biçer, N. S., Açmaz, B., Biçer, İ. İ. (2026). Associations of Insulin Resistance Indices and Atherogenic Lipid Parameters with Bone Mineral Density and Fragility Fracture History in Men Aged 50 Years and Older and Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia or Osteoporosis. Geriatrik Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt: 9. https://doi.org/10.47141/geriatrik.1877040

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