Journals / Geriatrik Bilimler Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 9

Virtual Reality-Based Interventions for Fall Prevention in Older and High Fall-Risk Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Yaşlı ve Düşme Riski Yüksek Yetişkinlerde Düşmeyi Önlemede Sanal Gerçeklik Temelli Müdahaleler: Randomize Kontrollü Çalışmaların Sistematik Derlemesi

İbrahim Halil Kayral(İZMİR BAKIRÇAY ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-1734-6844
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Publication Date
2026-10-09
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

No study was judged as having high risk of bias; one trial demonstrated overall low risk, while the remaining trials presented some concerns.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: This systematic review evaluated the effects of virtual reality (VR)-based interventions on prospectively recorded fall outcomes in older adults and high fall-risk adult populations.
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Key Findings & Data:Materials and Methods: PubMed and Scopus were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials published between January 2015 and December 2025.
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Conclusion & Impact:No study was judged as having high risk of bias; one trial demonstrated overall low risk, while the remaining trials presented some concerns.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:2015 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Geriatri · Kazara Düşmeler · Sanal Gerçeklik

Abstract

Objective: This systematic review evaluated the effects of virtual reality (VR)-based interventions on prospectively recorded fall outcomes in older adults and high fall-risk adult populations. Materials and Methods: PubMed and Scopus were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials published between January 2015 and December 2025. Eligible studies included adults aged ≥60 years or populations explicitly characterised as high fall-risk (e.g., neurological conditions associated with increased fall risk), a VR-based or interactive virtual training intervention targeting fall prevention, balance, gait, or mobility, a comparator group, and prospective reporting of fall outcomes (e.g., fall incidence, fall rate, proportion of fallers, or incidence rate ratio). Six randomized and RCT-derived reports met the inclusion criteria. Due to heterogeneity in intervention modalities, fall outcome definitions, and follow-up durations, meta-analysis was not performed; instead, a structured narrative synthesis was conducted. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Results: Six randomized and RCT-derived reports were included, with sample sizes ranging from 26 to 302 participants and follow-up periods ranging from 3 to 12 months where available. The included interventions were mainly based on non-immersive VR or interactive virtual training systems integrated with gait, balance, or cognitive–motor tasks. Fall outcomes were reported using heterogeneous metrics, including fall incidence, fall rate, fall frequency, fall counts, and incidence rate ratios. The most favourable signals were observed in treadmill-based gait training combined with non-immersive VR and cognitive–motor challenges. No study was judged as having high risk of bias; one trial demonstrated overall low risk, while the remaining trials presented some concerns. Conclusion: VR-based interventions, particularly non-immersive systems integrating cognitive–motor demands within structured gait training, may contribute to fall prevention in older and high fall-risk adults. However, the small number of trials, heterogeneity in intervention designs and fall outcome reporting, and relatively short follow-up periods warrant cautious interpretation. Future pragmatic randomized trials should use standardized fall definitions and prospectively recorded fall incidence or fall-event outcomes as primary endpoints.

Özet

Amaç: Bu sistematik derlemede, sanal gerçeklik (VR) temelli müdahalelerin yaşlı bireylerde ve düşme riski yüksek yetişkin popülasyonlarda prospektif olarak kaydedilmiş düşme sonuçları üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ocak 2015 ile Aralık 2025 tarihleri arasında yayımlanan randomize kontrollü çalışmalar için PubMed ve Scopus veri tabanlarında sistematik tarama yapılmıştır. Dahil edilme kriterleri; ≥60 yaş yetişkinler veya düşme riski yüksek olarak tanımlanan popülasyonlar (örneğin, düşme insidansının arttığı nörolojik hastalıklar), düşme önleme, denge, yürüme veya mobiliteyi hedefleyen VR temelli veya etkileşimli sanal eğitim müdahalesi, karşılaştırma grubu ve prospektif olarak raporlanmış düşme sonuçları (örneğin düşme insidansı, düşme oranı, düşen birey oranı veya insidans oranı) olarak belirlenmiştir. Toplam altı randomize ve RKÇ-türevi çalışma dahil edilmiştir. Müdahale türleri, düşme sonuç tanımları ve takip sürelerindeki heterojenite nedeniyle meta analiz yapılmamış; bunun yerine yapılandırılmış anlatımsal sentez uygulanmıştır. Yanlılık riski, Cochrane RoB 2 aracı kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Altı randomize ve RKÇ-türevi rapor dahil edilmiştir; örneklem büyüklükleri 26 ile 302 katılımcı arasında, mevcut takip süreleri ise 3 ile 12 ay arasında değişmiştir. Dahil edilen müdahaleler çoğunlukla yürüme, denge veya bilişsel-motor görevlerle entegre edilmiş immersif olmayan VR ya da etkileşimli sanal eğitim sistemlerine dayanmaktadır. Düşme sonuçları; düşme insidansı, düşme oranı, düşme sıklığı, düşme sayısı ve insidans oranı gibi farklı ölçütlerle raporlanmıştır. En olumlu etki sinyalleri, bilişsel-motor görevlerle birleştirilmiş bant üzerinde yürüme eğitimine entegre immersif olmayan VR sistemlerinde gözlenmiştir. Hiçbir çalışma yüksek yanlılık riski olarak değerlendirilmemiştir. Sonuç: VR temelli müdahaleler, özellikle yapılandırılmış yürüme eğitimi içinde bilişsel-motor gereksinimleri entegre eden immersif olmayan sistemler kullanıldığında, yaşlı ve düşme riski yüksek yetişkinlerde düşmeyi önlemeye katkı sağlayabilir. Bununla birlikte, çalışma sayısının sınırlı olması, müdahale tasarımları ve düşme sonuçlarının raporlanmasındaki heterojenlik ile takip sürelerinin görece kısa olması nedeniyle bulgular dikkatli yorumlanmalıdır. Gelecek pragmatik randomize çalışmalarda standart düşme tanımları kullanılmalı ve prospektif olarak kaydedilmiş düşme insidansı veya düşme olayı temelli sonuçlar birincil sonlanım olarak değerlendirilmelidir.

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Cite This Article

Kayral, İ. H. (2026). Virtual Reality-Based Interventions for Fall Prevention in Older and High Fall-Risk Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Geriatrik Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt: 9. https://doi.org/10.47141/geriatrik.1901115

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