Journals / NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER DERGİSİ / 2026 / Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1

BETWEEN CHILDHOOD INNOCENCE AND DIGITAL INDUSTRY: RETHINKING THE APPROPRIATENESS OF KIDFLUENCERS

ÇOCUKLUK MASUMİYETİ İLE DİJİTAL ENDÜSTRİ ARASINDA: KIDFLUENCERLIĞIN UYGUNLUĞUNU YENİDEN DÜŞÜNMEK

Faruk Dursun(SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-1571-1107
Pages
87–105
Publication Date
2026-06-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

By foregrounding the structural entanglements between childhood, labor, and commodification in the digital age, this study underscores the urgent need for robust regulatory frameworks addressing children’s digital rights, platform accountability, and media governance.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Kidfluencing epitomizes an emergent form of digital labor wherein children's mediated visibility is systematically commodified within platform economies.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Situated at the intersection of media capitalism, invisible digital labor, and children's rights, this study offers a critical inquiry into the commercialization of child personas through a content-analytical examination of the Instagram profiles of child actors featured in Turkish television series as of 2025.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:By foregrounding the structural entanglements between childhood, labor, and commodification in the digital age, this study underscores the urgent need for robust regulatory frameworks addressing children’s digital rights, platform accountability, and media governance.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2025 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Çocuk influencer · dijital çocukluk · sosyal medya

Abstract

Kidfluencing epitomizes an emergent form of digital labor wherein children's mediated visibility is systematically commodified within platform economies. Situated at the intersection of media capitalism, invisible digital labor, and children's rights, this study offers a critical inquiry into the commercialization of child personas through a content-analytical examination of the Instagram profiles of child actors featured in Turkish television series as of 2025. Utilizing a mixed-methods design, the study integrates quantitative indicators—such as follower metrics, post frequency, and the prevalence and sectoral distribution of sponsored content—with qualitative interpretive insights. Data were extracted exclusively from publicly accessible Instagram accounts of 25 child actors; given the non-involvement of human subjects, ethical board approval was not required. The analysis reveals that these children function not merely as performers within scripted narratives but as micro-brands whose identities are continuously curated and monetized across digital platforms. Their social media engagement operates as an extension of affective and immaterial labor, embedded within algorithmically driven economies of attention. By foregrounding the structural entanglements between childhood, labor, and commodification in the digital age, this study underscores the urgent need for robust regulatory frameworks addressing children’s digital rights, platform accountability, and media governance.

Özet

Kidfluencing, çocukların aracılık ettiği görünürlüğünün platform ekonomileri içinde sistematik olarak metalaştırıldığı yeni bir dijital emek biçimini temsil etmektedir. Medya kapitalizmi, görünmez dijital emek ve çocuk haklarının kesişim noktasında yer alan bu çalışma, 2025 itibariyle Türk televizyon dizilerinde rol alan çocuk oyuncuların Instagram profillerinin içerik analizi yoluyla çocuk kişiliklerinin ticarileştirilmesine yönelik eleştirel bir inceleme sunmaktadır. Karma yöntemler tasarımını kullanan çalışma, takipçi metrikleri, gönderi sıklığı ve sponsorlu içeriğin yaygınlığı ve sektörel dağılımı gibi nicel göstergeleri niteliksel yorumlayıcı içgörülerle birleştirmektedir. Veriler, 25 çocuk oyuncunun halka açık Instagram hesaplarından elde edilmiştir; insan deneklerin dahil olmaması nedeniyle etik kurul onayı gerekmemiştir. Sonuçlar, bu çocukların yalnızca senaryolu anlatılarda oyuncu olarak değil, kimlikleri dijital platformlarda sürekli olarak küratörlüğü yapılan ve paraya dönüştürülen mikro markalar olarak da işlev gördüklerini ortaya koymaktadır. Sosyal medya katılımları, algoritmik olarak yönlendirilen dikkat ekonomilerinin bir parçası olarak, duygusal ve maddi olmayan emeğin bir uzantısı olarak işlev görmektedir. Dijital çağda çocukluk, emek ve metalaşma arasındaki yapısal bağlantıları ön plana çıkararak, bu çalışma çocukların dijital hakları, platformların hesap verebilirliği ve medya yönetişimi konularını ele alan sağlam düzenleyici çerçevelerin acil ihtiyacını vurgulamaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Dursun, F. (2026). BETWEEN CHILDHOOD INNOCENCE AND DIGITAL INDUSTRY: RETHINKING THE APPROPRIATENESS OF KIDFLUENCERS. NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER DERGİSİ, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 87–105. https://doi.org/10.52122/nisantasisbd.1753590

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (46)

  1. Alfiyah, A. B., Wiranti, Abrar, A. N., Annisa, A. N., Parawansa, S. S. S. & Iskandar, I. (2025). Paradox of legal protection for kid influencers and artists in Indonesia: Comparative study of US and France. International Journal of Law Recontruction, 9(1), 121-140. https://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v9i1.44213
  2. Alrumaidhi, K. & Alomran, M. A. (2024). The impact of “kidfluencers” on the cultural identity of Kuwaiti middle school students: A parental perspective. Middle School Journal, 55(5), 10-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/00940771.2024.2403939
  3. Anastacio-Coello, L. & Atarama-Rojas, T. (2025). What Peruvian kidfluencers tell us on social media: An analysis of their communicative approach on Instagram and TikTok. In: Ibáñez, D.B., Gallardo-Echenique, E., Siringoringo, H., Diez, N.L. (eds) Communication and Applied Technologies. ICOMTA 2024. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol 427. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-0426-5_43
  4. Astuti, I. D. (2022a). Fenomena kidfluencer dalam beretika media sosial. Martabat: Jurnal Perempuan dan Anak, 6(2), 214-241. https://doi.org/10.21274/martabat.2022.6.2.214-241
  5. Astuti, I. D. (2022b). Reality and hyperreality behind the kidfluencer phenomenon. Ultimacomm, 14(2), 251-266. https://doi.org/10.31937/ultimacomm.v14i2.2743
  6. Bakioğlu, A. (2024). Digital capitalism and child labor exploitation on YouTube. Sociology Lens, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/johs.12456
  7. Bellocchio, A. K. (2025). “Cry Harder!”: How parents traffic their children through forced child begging and child labor. Sociology and Criminology Undergraduate Honors Theses Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/sociuht/22
  8. Biggeman, K. (2025). The hidden depravities of kidfluencing: A children’s rights issue. Canadian Journal of Family and Youth, 17 (2), 154-161. https://doi.org/10.29173/cjfy30142
  9. Bulut Pedük, Ş., Örenoğlu, S., Mohammadzadeh Sardroud, E., & İmamoğlu, S. N. (2024). Examination of Turkish children’s youtube channels in terms of popular culture. International Journal of Karamanoglu Mehmetbey Educational Research, 6(2), 106-121. https://doi.org/10.47770/ukmead.1474635
  10. Callens, H. (2020). Kidfluencer marketing in the video game industry. Interactive Entertainment Law Review, 3(1), 44-54. https://doi.org/10.4337/ielr.2020.01.04
  11. Clark, D. R. & Jno‑Charles, A. B. (2025). The child labor in social media: Kidfluencers, ethics of care, and exploitation. Journal of Business Ethics, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-025-05953-7
  12. Coates, A., & Boyland, E. (2021). Kid influencers: A new arena of social media food marketing. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 17(3), 133–134. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-020-00455-0
  13. Digón-Regueiro, P., & Sánchez-Blanco, C. (2024). Children negotiating meanings in kidfluencers’ channels. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 16(3), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.23860/JMLE-2024-16-3-1
  14. Divon, T., Annabell, T. & Goanta, C. (2025). Children as concealed commodities: Ethnographic nuances and legal implications of kidfluencers’ monetisation on TikTok. New Media & Society, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448241304657
  15. Edney, A. (2022). "I Don't Work for Free": The unpaid labor of child social media stars. University of Florida Journal of Law & Public Policy, 32(3), 547-572. Available at: https://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/jlpp/vol32/iss3/5
  16. Fatmawat, F. & Lewoleba, K. K. (2024). Kidfluencer: Child exploitation in digital space in terms of child protection law. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 4(4), 955-965. https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v4i4.437
  17. Faza, A. S. A., Rosadi, S. D. & Rubiati, B. (2024). The urgency of protecting the privacy rights of kidfluencers on social media in Indonesia in relation to the 1989 convention on the rights of the child. Jurnal Hukum Sehasen, 10(2), 517-524. https://doi.org/10.37676/jhs.v10i2.6884
  18. Fernández Gómez, E., Fernández Vázquez, J., Feijoo Fernández, B. (2021). Children as content creators on YouTube and Instagram. Analysis of the formats used, parental presence and brand presence. Icono 14, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.7195/ri14.v20i1.1762
  19. Firinci Orman, T. (2019). Adultization and blurring the boundaries of childhood in the late modern era. Global Studies of Childhood, 10(2), 106-119. https://doi.org/10.1177/2043610619863069
  20. Freeman, J. & Dardis, F. (2022). Kidfluencing: The role of calls to action, logo presence, and disclosure modality on parental appraisals. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 43(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2022.2037111
  21. Geider, J. F. (2021). "How to (Not) Exploit your internet child star: Unregulated child labor on YouTube, Instagram and social Media". Law School Student Scholarship. 1150. https://scholarship.shu.edu/student_scholarship/1150
  22. Gözen, Ö. & Şaldırnak, G. A. (2023). Çocuk işçiliğinin yeni yüzü: Kidfluence. Çocuk ve Medeniyet, 14, 113-135. https://doi.org/10.47646/CMD.2023.314
  23. Hudders, L. & Beuckles, E. (2024). Children making big money: The implications of Kidfluencing as new form of child labor. Journal of Children and Media, 18(4), 638-645. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2024.2404729
  24. Hudders, L., De Jans, S. & Beuckels, E. (2024). Kidfluencers and the commodification of childhood: A comprehensive review and research agenda in contemporary entertainment. In: Feijoo, B., Fernández Gómez, E. (eds) Advertising Literacy for Young Audiences in the Digital Age. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55736-1_5
  25. J Archer, C. & Mirandilla Delmo, K. (2025). Children’s ‘playbour’ as influencers on social media: an investigation into the legal and ethical issues surrounding kidfluencers. Communication Research and Practice, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/22041451.2025.2523654
  26. Karakoç, E. & Ünlü, T.,T. (2021). Game or Business? A comparative analysis on YouTube kidfluencers. TRTakademi, 6(12), 468-493. https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.923833
  27. KHojir,Y., & Farmand KHangheshlaghi,S. (2024). Representation of kids ınfluencers virtual life on Instagram. Rasaneh, 35(3),155-183. https://doi.org/10.22034/bmsp.2024.419625.1948
  28. Martinez Pastor,E, Cetina Presuel, R. & Maillo, I. S. (2022). Minors as content creators: A study of the effectiveness of advertising regulation in the United States, the United Kingdom and Spain. Media Studies, 13(26), 48-69. https://doi.org/10.20901/ms.13.26.3 Martínez-Pastor, E., Vizcaíno-Laorga, R. & Atauri-Mezquida, D. (2021). Health-related food advertising on kid YouTuber vlogger channels. Heliyon, 7, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08178
  29. Masterson, M. A. (2021). “When play becomes work: Child labor laws in the era of kidfluencers. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 169(2), 577-607. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45473416
  30. Morris, M. (2023). Kidfluencers and conundrums: The rising need for Internet policy that addresses child labour and safety. The Motley Undergraduate Journal, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.55016/ojs/muj.v1i1.76422
  31. Praveen, S. M. & Dharani, M. (2025). Navigating the digital sphere: A systematic review of the impact of parenting-based social media influencers on maternal mental health and child commercialization. Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 21(3), 208-219. https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342251340521
  32. Rasmussen, E. E., Riggs, R. E. & Sauermilch, W. S. (2022). Kidfluencer exposure, materialism, and U.S. tweens’ purchase of sponsored products. Journal of Children and Media, 16(1), 68-77. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2021.1910053
  33. Rotimi, I. K., Yap, S. F., & Wooliscroft, B. (2024). Unboxing the child influencer paradoxes: a research agenda. Journal of Marketing Management, 40(11–12), 1030–1057. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2024.2405597
  34. Shomai, S., Unwin, P. & Sealey, C. (2024). Kidfluencers’ lived experiences of influencer culture: a time for regulation?. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 44, 1109-1122. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-03-2024-0109
  35. Statista, (2024). Social Media in Turkey. https://www.statista.com/study/112894/social-media-in-turkey/ Erişim Tarihi: 02.12.2025
  36. Tashakkori, A. & Creswell, J. W. (2007). Exploring the nature of research questions in mixed methods research (Editorial). Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(3), 207-211. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689807302814
  37. Terranova, T. (2000) Free Labor: Producing culture for the digital economy. Social Text, 18, 33-58. https://doi.org/10.1215/01642472-18-2_63-33
  38. Tosun, E. & Deniz, Ş. (2023). YouTube’da çocuğun tüketim odaklı sömürüsü: Kidfluencerlar üzerine bir araştırma. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(2), 595-618. https://doi.org/10.36362/gumus.1233477
  39. Tosun, E. (2023). Youtube’un minyatür yetişkinleri: Kidfluencer videolarının toplumsal cinsiyet bağlamında incelenmesi. İstanbul Arel Üniversitesi İletişim Çalışmaları Dergisi, 11(23), 121-151. https://izlik.org/JA24XZ62DG
  40. UN. (1989). Convention on the Rights of the Child. https://www.unicefturk.org/turkiye/en/ convention-rights-child. Erişim Tarihi: 02.12.2025
  41. UNICEF. (2021). The State of the World's Children 2021: On My Mind – Promoting, protecting and caring for children’s mental health. https://www.unicef.org/reports/state-worlds-children-2021 Erişim Tarihi: 02.12.2025
  42. Ünlü, T., T. & Karakoç Keskin, E. (2023). “Bu hesapta çocuk var!” Türk televizyon dizilerindeki çocuk oyuncuların Instagram hesaplarının kidfluencer kavramı bağlamında incelenmesi. İNİF E- Dergi, 8(2), 275-300. https://doi.org/10.47107/inifedergi.1335299
  43. Van den Abeele, E., Vanwesenbeeck, I. & Hudders, L. (2024). Child’s privacy versus mother’s fame: unravelling the biased decision-making process of momfluencers to portray their children online. Information, Communication & Society, 27(2), 297-313. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2023.2205484
  44. Vanwesenbeeck, I., Bouw, M., van der Waal, N., Uyttenhove, B., Croes, E., Folkvord, F. (2024). İnfluencer marketing’s İmpact on minors’ eating habits and body image: An overview of prior studies and future research directions. In: Feijoo, B., Fernández Gómez, E. (eds) Advertising Literacy for Young Audiences in the Digital Age. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55736-1_7
  45. Hudders, L., De Jans, S. & Beuckels, E. (2024). Kidfluencers and the commodification of childhood: A comprehensive review and research agenda in contemporary entertainment. In: Feijoo, B., Fernández Gómez, E. (eds) Advertising Literacy for Young Audiences in the Digital Age. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55736-1_5
  46. Morris, M. (2023). Kidfluencers and conundrums: The rising need for Internet policy that addresses child labour and safety. The Motley Undergraduate Journal, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.55016/ojs/muj.v1i1.76422