Journals / OANNES - Uluslararası Eskiçağ Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi / 2023 / Cilt: 5 - Sayı: 1

SMINTHEION CULTIC CAVE AND SACRED SPRING IN THE LIGHT OF ANCIENT SOURCES AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDINGS

ANTİK KAYNAKLAR VE ARKEOLOJİK BULGULAR IŞIĞINDA SMINTHEION'DAKİ KÜLT MAĞARASI ve KUTSAL KAYNAK

Pages
137–165
Publication Date
2023-03-29
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Afterward, the ancient texts about the cult of Apollo Smintheus, the inscriptions, and archaeological findings obtained from the excavations were mentioned, and it was revealed that the cave where the water came out was used as a sacred cave, and the spring was used for divination.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:All the sanctuaries of Apollo in Greece and Anatolia were built at or near the springs because he is the god of prophecy.
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Key Findings & Data:However, in the inscriptions at the entrance of the Great Bath in Smintheion, it is understood that a priest, who contributed to the agonistic games in the 2nd century A.D., was expressed as a hypophet, carrying out a cult practice related to water.
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Conclusion & Impact:Afterward, the ancient texts about the cult of Apollo Smintheus, the inscriptions, and archaeological findings obtained from the excavations were mentioned, and it was revealed that the cave where the water came out was used as a sacred cave, and the spring was used for divination.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Smintheion · Gülpınar · Kutsal Kaynak

Abstract

All the sanctuaries of Apollo in Greece and Anatolia were built at or near the springs because he is the god of prophecy. The sanctuaries of Apollo were sometimes built directly on next to or near spring water coming out of the cave, as in Smintheion. Caves, sacred places for people living in rural areas at the beginning for sheltering and communicating with the gods, lost their functions, albeit a little, with the birth of temples. According to ancient sources and coin descriptions, the cave in Smintheion is understood to have been an essential sanctuary since the establishment of the Apollo Smintheus cult. Construction of the Hellenistic temple near the cave where the water source comes out, the cult has lost its function, but the water coming out of the cave has always been used in the service of the gods. Although Apollo Smintheus (Apollo, the lord of mice) was initially known as a god associated with mice, it is known that mice actually aid in divination. However, in the inscriptions at the entrance of the Great Bath in Smintheion, it is understood that a priest, who contributed to the agonistic games in the 2nd century A.D., was expressed as a hypophet, carrying out a cult practice related to water. Ancient sources, inscriptions, and coin depictions reflect this deep-rooted tradition of the existence of this cave and spring in Troy, as Apollo is a god of Anatolian origin. Therefore, this cave and spring to the east of the Temple of Apollo Smintheus must have been used for divination. In the first part of this study, geographical features, topography, and geological structure, which were the reason for the water source in the establishment of Smintheion in this area, were discussed. Afterward, the ancient texts about the cult of Apollo Smintheus, the inscriptions, and archaeological findings obtained from the excavations were mentioned, and it was revealed that the cave where the water came out was used as a sacred cave, and the spring was used for divination.

Özet

Yunanistan ve Anadolu'daki Apollon kutsal alanlarının hepsinin su kaynağı başına veya yakınına kurulmalarının nedeni, kehanet tanrısı olmasıdır. Apollon kutsal alanları bazen doğrudan bir su kaynağı üzerine veya yanına ya da Smintheion'da olduğu gibi mağaradan çıkan kaynak suyu yakınına kurulmuştur. Başlangıçta kırsal kesimde yaşayan insanların barınma ve tanrılarla ilişki kurma amaçlı kutsal mekanları olan mağaralar, tapınakların doğuşu ile bu işlevlerini az da olsa kaybetmişlerdir. Smintheion'daki mağara da antik kaynaklar ve sikke tasvirlerine göre Apollon Smintheus kültünün kuruluşundan itibaren önemli bir kült alanı olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Su kaynağının çıktığı mağara yakınına Hellenistik tapınağın inşa edilmesi ile bu kült işlevini kaybetmiş ancak mağaradna çıkan su her zaman tanrı hizmetinde kullanılmıştır. Başlangıçta Apollon Smintheus (farelerin efendisi Apollon) genelde farelerle ilişkili bir tanrı olarak bilinmesine rağmen aslında farelerin de kehanette yardımcı bir hayvan oldukları bilinir. Oysa Smintheion'da Büyük Hamam girişindeki yazıtlarda agonistik oyunlarda katkısı olan MS 2.yy'da bir hypophet olarak ifade edilen bir rahibin su ile ilişkili kült uygulaması gerçekleştirdiği anlaşılmaktadır. Antik kaynaklar, yazıtlar ve sikke tasvirleri bu mağara ve su kaynağının Apollon'un Anadolu kökenli bir tanrı olarak Troia'da da varlığı bu köklü geleneği yansıtmaktadır. Bu nedenle Apollon Smintheus Tapınağı'nın doğusundaki bu mağara ve kaynak kehanet amaçlı kullanılmış olmalıdır. Bu çalışmanın ilk bölümlerinde Smintheion'un bu alana kurulmasında su kaynağının nedeni olan coğrafi özellikler, topografya ve jeolojik yapı ele alınmıştır. Devamında Apollon Smintheus kültü ile ilgili antik metinlere ve kazılardan ele geçen yazıtlar ve arkeolojik bulgulara değinilmiş ve suyun çıktığı mağaranın kutsal mağara, su kaynağının ise kehanet amaçlı kullanıldığı ortaya konmuştur.

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Cite This Article

KAPLAN, D. (2023). SMINTHEION CULTIC CAVE AND SACRED SPRING IN THE LIGHT OF ANCIENT SOURCES AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDINGS. OANNES - Uluslararası Eskiçağ Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt: 5 - Sayı: 1, 137–165. https://ajindex.com/articles/888051

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