Journals / Uluslararası Sosyal Siyasal ve Mali Araştırmalar Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Spain’s Support for Palestine Through the Lens of Ontological Security: Historical Memory, Anxiety, and Positive Recognition

Ontolojik Güvenlik Perspektifinden İspanya’nın Filistin’e Desteği: Tarihsel Hafıza, Kaygı ve Olumlu Tanınma

Ata Demirus(İZMİR EKONOMİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0006-4430-9271
Pages
260–272
Publication Date
2026-10-24
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Therefore, this study examines why Spain supports Palestine through the lens of ontological security theory, a critical approach within International Relations.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The history of the West is deeply marked by colonial expansion, particularly by powers such as Britain, France, and Spain.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Particularly after the Hamas attack of 7 October and Israel’s subsequent military campaign in Gaza, which has been widely criticized as involving genocidal practices, Spain has adopted a pro-Palestinian stance not only rhetorically but also through concrete policy actions.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Therefore, this study examines why Spain supports Palestine through the lens of ontological security theory, a critical approach within International Relations.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:İspanya · Filistin · İsrail

Abstract

The history of the West is deeply marked by colonial expansion, particularly by powers such as Britain, France, and Spain. However, Spain represents a distinct case, particularly in the context of the Israel–Palestine conflict. Particularly after the Hamas attack of 7 October and Israel’s subsequent military campaign in Gaza, which has been widely criticized as involving genocidal practices, Spain has adopted a pro-Palestinian stance not only rhetorically but also through concrete policy actions. The findings suggest that Spain, due to its violent history of state-building, nation-building, and colonialism, seeks a form of symbolic redemption by redefining its national identity and pursuing positive recognition from global public opinion. Within the ontological security literature, such behavior can be interpreted as an attempt to manage guilt, preserve biographical continuity, and restore a positive self-image. A state’s central anxiety concerns the uncertainty surrounding how its national identity narrative will be recognized by other actors in the future. Accordingly, Spain’s support for Palestine can be explained through its anxiety over adapting to an uncertain international environment and its quest for positive recognition. Therefore, this study examines why Spain supports Palestine through the lens of ontological security theory, a critical approach within International Relations.

Özet

Batı tarihi, bilindiği üzere, sömürgeci geçmişiyle kötü bir üne sahiptir; bu geçmişin en belirgin aktörleri ise Britanya, Fransa ve İspanya gibi devletlerdir. Ancak İspanya’nın durumu diğerlerinden oldukça farklıdır ve bu fark, özellikle İsrail–Filistin çatışmasında açıkça görülebilmektedir. Özellikle 7 Ekim’deki Hamas saldırısı ve sonrasında İsrail’in Gazze Şeridi’nde yürüttüğü askeri harekatın ardından İspanya, yalnızca söylemlerle değil, somut adımlarla da Filistin yanlısı bir tutum sergilemektedir. Bulgular, İspanya’nın geçmişte yaşadığı şiddete dayalı devlet inşası, ulus inşası ve sömürgecilik gibi tarihsel süreçler nedeniyle ulusal kimliğini yeniden tanımlamaya çalıştığını, geçmişiyle ilişkili sembolik bir kefaret arayışına yöneldiğini ve bu yolla dünya kamuoyundan olumlu bir tanınma elde etmeye çalıştığını göstermektedir. Ontolojik güvenlik literatüründe bu durum, bir devletin diğer aktörler tarafından izole edilmemek için olumlu biyografik benliğinin sürekliliğine verdiği önemle açıklanmaktadır. Bu nedenle İspanya’nın Filistin’e verdiği destek, yeni uluslararası çevreye uyum sağlama kaygısı ve olumlu bir tanınma arayışıyla açıklanabilir. Bu çerçevede, İspanya’nın Filistin’e neden destek verdiği sorusunun, eleştirel uluslararası ilişkiler (Uİ) teorisi olan ontolojik güvenlik perspektifinden ele alınması amaçlanmaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Demirus, A. (2026). Spain’s Support for Palestine Through the Lens of Ontological Security: Historical Memory, Anxiety, and Positive Recognition. Uluslararası Sosyal Siyasal ve Mali Araştırmalar Dergisi, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 260–272. https://doi.org/10.70101/ussmad.1798930

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (36)

  1. Al-Ahram. (2016, February 4). From Palestine to the Spanish Civil War: Documentary Proposes New Reading of Arab’ History. https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/186720.aspx
  2. Ali, W., Alam, A., Bibi, A. & Bano, S. (2023). Major Powers and the Gaza Crisis: Responses to the Post-2023 Israel-Palestine Conflict. Advance Social Science Arvhive Journal, 4(1), 817-833.
  3. Al Jazeera. (2025, May 25). Spain Hosts European, Arab Nations to Pressure Israel to halt Gaza Assault. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/25/spain-hosts-european-arab-nations-to-pressure-israel-to-halt-gaza-assault
  4. Carr, M. (2009). Blood and faith: The purging of Muslim Spain, 1492–1614. The New Press.
  5. Çakırtekin, İ. (2025, September 18). Spain Authorizes Investigation into Israeli Crimes in Gaza. Anadolu Agency. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/spain-authorizes-investigation-into-israeli-crimes-in-gaza/3691133
  6. Buheji, M. (2024). Spain’s Empathy for Gaza as a Model for the World and the Communities Mechanism. International Journal of Management, 15(3), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/TG5RU
  7. Daku, S. & Rudaku, A. (2024). After Palestine, can Spain recognize Kosovo? Journal of Infrastructure and Development, 8(9), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i9.7500
  8. Doyle, M. W. (2012). Kant Liberal Legacies, and Foreign Affairs. In M. E. Brown, S. M. Lyn-Jones, and S. E. Miller (Ed.), Debating the Democratic Peace (3-58). The MIT Press.
  9. Elmaleh, O. (2023). Fighting Other People’s War: Arab Palestinian Volunteers in the Spanish Civil War. In R. Rein & S. Z. Zwirner Ed.), Untold Stories of the Spanish Civil War (pp. 61-85). Routledge.
  10. El Pais (2002, September 18). Un Muerto y Tres Heridos en Israel en el primer atentado Suicida en Mes y Medio. https://www.google.com/amp/s/elpais.com/internacional/2002/09/18/actualidad/1032300002_850215.html%3foutputType=amp
  11. El Periodico (2002, March 18). La muerte de un niño palestino simboliza la tragedia https://www.periodicoshistoricos.com/
  12. Gonzalez Enriquez & Martinez, J. P. (2024, May 22). Spanish Public Opinion Regarding the Recognition of the State of Palestine. https://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/en/commentaries/spanish-public-opinion-regarding-recognition-of-the-state-of-palestine/
  13. Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and Self Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Polity Press.
  14. Haaretz (2002, October 26). Our is Different We are the Chosen People. https://www.haaretz.com/2001-07-10/ty-article/.free/searching-haaretz-archive/0000017f-e0af-d7b2-a77f-e3afbb300000
  15. Kasia, P. (2023, March 15). United Nations Admits Sixteen New Members. EBSCO. https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/united-nations-admits-sixteen-new-members
  16. Kinvall, C., & Mitzen, J. (2017). An Introduction to the Special Issue: Ontological Securities in World Politics. Cooperation and Conflict, 7(1), 3-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010836716653162
  17. Kinvall, C., & Mitzen, J. (2020). Anxiety, Fear and Ontological Security in World Politics: Thinking with and Beyond Giddens. International Theory, 12(2), 240-256. https://doi.org/10.1017/S175297192000010X
  18. Laing, R. D. (1990). The Divided Self: An Existential Study in Sanity and Madness. Penguin Books. Le Monde Diplomatique. (2025, September, 17). Why Spain Stands with Palestine. https://mondediplo.com/2025/04/14spain-palestine%C2%A0
  19. Liel, A. (2024, April 9). Spain’s Recognition of the State of Palestine can make the Difference. https://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/en/analyses/spains-spanish-recognition-of-the-state-of-palestine-can-make-the-difference
  20. Mamedov, E. (2025, September 17). Spain’s Break from Europe on Gaza is More Reaction than Vision. https://responsiblestatecraft.org/spain-israel-palestine/ McAdam, D. (1971). Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency 1930-1970. The University of Chicago Press.
  21. Mendes, E. (2009). Statehood and Palestine for the Purposes of Article 12(3) of the ICC Statute: A Contrary Perspective. Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa.
  22. Morshed, Z. (2024). International Recognition and Statehood: The Empirical Case of Palestine. International Multidisciplinary Studies, 1(2), 86-104. https://gloria-leb.org/Internationalrecognitionandstatehood.htm
  23. Novak, S. (2023). Can the EU Make Member States Recognize Kosovo? CYELP 19, 299-316. https://doi.org/10.3935/cyelp.19.2023.526
  24. Rumelili, B. & Adısönmez, U. C. (2020). A New Paradigm on the Identity-Security Nexus in International Relations: Ontological Security Theory, International Relations Journal, 66(17), 1304-7175. https://dx.doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.720630
  25. Slater, D. (2010). Ordering Power. Cambridge.
  26. Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2018, June 3). https://infoaod.maec.es/
  27. Steele, B. J. (2008). Ontological Security in International Relations. Routledge.
  28. Taipa, S. S. (2026, 2026, March 5). The US-Iran War Has Divided Europe, Leaving Spain in a Critical Position. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/the-us-iran-war-has-divided-europe-leaving-spain-in-a-critical-position-277637
  29. Tandy, L. T. (2022, September, 12). Spanish Inquisition. EBSCO. https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/spanish-inquisition
  30. The Palestine Chronicle. (2025, October 2025). Spain Cancels Third Arms Deal with Israel Following New Embargo Law. https://www.palestinechronicle.com/spain-cancels-third-arms-deal-with-israel-following-new-embargo-law/#
  31. Tilly, C. (1990). Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990-1990. Basil Blackwell.
  32. UN General Assembly (2024). Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice on the Legal Consequences Arising from the Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Including East Jerusalem, and from the Illegality of the Continued Presence of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. https://www.un.org/unispal/document/report-of-the-secretary-general-icj-19dec24/
  33. Vieira, M. A. (2018). (Re-) Imagining the “Self” of Ontological Security: The Case of Brazil’s Ambivalent Postcolonial Subjectivity, Millennium Journal of ınternational Studies 46(2), 142-164. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305829817741255
  34. Wendt, A. (1999). Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge Studies in International Relations.
  35. Wodak, R. (2001). The Discourse-Historical Approach. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Ed.), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis (pp. 63-94). SAGE Publications.
  36. Wohlforth, W.C., Carvalho, B. D., Leira, H. & Neunmann, I. B. (2017). Moral Authority and Status in International Relations: Good States and Social Dimension of Status Seeking. Review of International Studies, 44(3), 526-546. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210517000560