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AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT IN TÜRKİYE: THE ROLE OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, ARABLE LAND, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

TÜRKİYE’DE TARIMSAL İSTİHDAM: İNSANİ GELİŞME, EKİLEBİLİR ARAZİ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜMENİN ROLÜ

Sinem Yıldırımalp(SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-0171-5916
Bünyamin Yasin Çakmak(SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-2050-0267
Büşra Yiğit(SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SİYASAL BİLGİLER FAKÜLTESİ, ÇALIŞMA EKONOMİSİ VE ENDÜSTRİ İLİŞKİLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, ÇALIŞMA EKONOMİSİ ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0002-0096-856X
Pages
113–132
Publication Date
2026-10-27
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The results indicate that arable land and human development play an important role in explaining agricultural employment in Türkiye, while economic growth is not statistically significant.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study aims to examine the determinants of agricultural employment in Türkiye within the framework of human development, economic growth, and arable land variables.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Annual data (n=33) for Türkiye from 1991 to 2023 were used in the study, and the data were obtained from the World Bank and UNDP databases.
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Conclusion & Impact:The results indicate that arable land and human development play an important role in explaining agricultural employment in Türkiye, while economic growth is not statistically significant.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2023 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Tarımsal İstihdam · İnsani Gelişme Endeksi · Ekilebilir Arazi

Abstract

This study aims to examine the determinants of agricultural employment in Türkiye within the framework of human development, economic growth, and arable land variables. The literature shows that agricultural employment is mostly addressed from an economic growth perspective, but studies that consider human development and land structure together are limited. This research aims to fill this gap. Annual data (n=33) for Türkiye from 1991 to 2023 were used in the study, and the data were obtained from the World Bank and UNDP databases. The long-term relationship between the variables was analyzed using the ARDL bounds test approach, and the robustness of the coefficients was tested using the FMOLS and DOLS methods. The findings show positive, statistically significant relationships among agricultural employment, human development and arable land. The human development variable was significant according to FMOLS estimates, while the arable land variable was strongly significant under both estimation methods. In contrast, the effect of the economic growth variable was not statistically significant. The results indicate that arable land and human development play an important role in explaining agricultural employment in Türkiye, while economic growth is not statistically significant. These findings highlight the need for a holistic approach to understanding employment dynamics in the agricultural sector and offer implications for rural development policies.

Özet

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de tarımsal istihdamın belirleyicilerini insani gelişme, ekonomik büyüme ve ekilebilir arazi değişkenleri çerçevesinde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Literatürde tarımsal istihdamın çoğunlukla ekonomik büyüme perspektifinden ele alındığı, ancak insani gelişme ve ekilebilir arazi varlığının birlikte değerlendirildiği çalışmaların sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu araştırma söz konusu boşluğu doldurmayı hedeflemektedir. Çalışmada Türkiye için 1991-2023 dönemine ait yıllık veriler (n=33) kullanılmış ve veriler Dünya Bankası ile Birleşmiş Milletler Kalkınma Programı veri tabanlarından temin edilmiştir. Değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönem ilişki ARDL sınır testi yaklaşımı ile analiz edilmiş, katsayıların sağlamlığı ise FMOLS ve DOLS yöntemleriyle test edilmiştir. Bulgular, tarımsal istihdam ile insani gelişme ve ekilebilir arazi arasında pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkiler bulunduğunu göstermektedir. İnsani gelişme değişkeni FMOLS tahminlerine göre anlamlı bulunurken, ekilebilir arazi değişkeni her iki tahmin yöntemi altında da güçlü biçimde anlamlıdır. Buna karşılık ekonomik büyüme değişkeninin etkisi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir. Sonuçlar, Türkiye’de tarımsal istihdam açıklamalarında makroekonomik büyüme dinamikleriyle birlikte ekilebilir arazi, insani gelişme düzeyi ve kırsal üretim yapısının belirleyici rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Bu bulgular, tarım sektöründeki istihdam dinamiklerinin anlaşılmasında bütüncül bir yaklaşımın gerekliliğine işaret etmekte ve kırsal kalkınma politikalarına yönelik çıkarımlar sunmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Yıldırımalp, S., Çakmak, B. Y., Yiğit, B. (2026). AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT IN TÜRKİYE: THE ROLE OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, ARABLE LAND, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH. Bölgesel Kalkınma Dergisi, Cilt: 04 Sayı: 02, 113–132. https://doi.org/10.61138/bolgeselkalkinmadergisi.1908456

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