Journals / Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 16 Sayı: 5

THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGALITY IN SCOTTISH AND TURKISH CRIMINAL LAW: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF LEGAL CULTURE

İSKOÇ VE TÜRK CEZA HUKUKU SİSTEMLERİNDE HUKUKİLİK İLKESİ: HUKUK KÜLTÜRÜ BAĞLAMINDA BİR KARŞILAŞTIRMA

Ezgi Arslan(IZMIR UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS)0000-0003-0071-5009
Pages
1663–1701
Publication Date
2026-10-27
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

It concludes that the principle of legality should not be understood as a fixed and universal doctrine, but as a paradigmatically conditioned principle that performs different normative functions within different legal cultures.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:This study examines why the principle of legality is interpreted differently in Turkish and Scottish criminal law through the framework of legal culture.
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Key Findings & Data:The analysis demonstrates that, in Turkish criminal law, legality functions as the normative expression of a legislative-centred legal paradigm characterised by statutory exclusivity, textual certainty, and the prohibition of analogy.
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Conclusion & Impact:It concludes that the principle of legality should not be understood as a fixed and universal doctrine, but as a paradigmatically conditioned principle that performs different normative functions within different legal cultures.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Hukukilik ilkesi · hukuk kültürü · İskoç ceza hukuku

Abstract

This study examines why the principle of legality is interpreted differently in Turkish and Scottish criminal law through the framework of legal culture. It argues that these differences cannot be explained solely by technical distinctions between legal rules. Rather, they stem from different paradigmatic assumptions regarding the sources of law, legal bindingness, and the legitimacy of legal creation. To develop this argument, the study first reviews the legal culture literature, discussing the approaches of Friedman, Cotterrell, and Nelken before adopting Van Hoecke and Warrington’s concept of paradigmatic legal culture as its theoretical framework. Within this framework, legal culture is understood not as a collection of social attitudes or behavioural patterns but as a set of shared epistemic and normative assumptions that determine legitimate legal sources, acceptable interpretive techniques, and the boundaries of legal reasoning. Building on this framework, the study offers a comparative analysis of the principle of legality in Turkish and Scottish criminal law. The analysis demonstrates that, in Turkish criminal law, legality functions as the normative expression of a legislative-centred legal paradigm characterised by statutory exclusivity, textual certainty, and the prohibition of analogy. In contrast, Scottish criminal law operates within a common law tradition in which legality coexists with judicial development, foreseeability, and moral blameworthiness. The study shows that the central difference between the two systems does not lie in the existence or absence of judicial law-making, but in the different conditions under which judicial development is regarded as legitimate. It concludes that the principle of legality should not be understood as a fixed and universal doctrine, but as a paradigmatically conditioned principle that performs different normative functions within different legal cultures.

Özet

Bu çalışma, suçta ve cezada hukukilik ilkesinin Türk ve İskoç ceza hukuklarında neden farklı biçimlerde yorumlandığını hukuk kültürü kavramı çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Çalışmanın temel iddiası, söz konusu farklılıkların yalnızca normatif düzenlemeler arasındaki teknik ayrımlardan değil, hukukun kaynakları, hukuki bağlayıcılık ve hukuki yaratımın meşruiyetine ilişkin farklı paradigmatik kabullerden kaynaklandığıdır. Bu amaçla öncelikle hukuk kültürü kavramına ilişkin literatür ele alınmakta; Friedman, Cotterrell ve Nelken’in yaklaşımları değerlendirildikten sonra Van Hoecke ve Warrington’un paradigmatik hukuk kültürü yaklaşımı çalışmanın teorik çerçevesi olarak benimsenmektedir. Bu yaklaşım doğrultusunda hukuk kültürü, bireysel tutumlar veya toplumsal alışkanlıklar bütünü olarak değil, hukuki muhakemenin sınırlarını, meşru hukuk kaynaklarını ve kabul edilebilir yorum tekniklerini belirleyen, paylaşılan epistemik ve normatif kabuller bütünü olarak kavramsallaştırılmaktadır. Bu teorik çerçevede Türk ve İskoç ceza hukuklarında hukukilik ilkesinin işleyişi karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmektedir. Analiz, Türk ceza hukukunda hukukilik ilkesinin yazılılık, kanunun tekelciliği ve kıyas yasağı etrafında şekillenen yasama-merkezli bir hukuk anlayışının normatif ifadesi olduğunu göstermektedir. Buna karşılık İskoç ceza hukukunda hukukilik ilkesi, common law geleneği içerisinde yargısal gelişim, öngörülebilirlik ve kınanabilirlik düşünceleriyle birlikte işleyen daha esnek bir yapı sergilemektedir. Çalışma, iki sistem arasındaki temel farkın hukuki yaratımın varlığı veya yokluğunda değil, hukuki yaratımın hangi koşullarda meşru kabul edildiğine ilişkin paradigmatik kabullerde yattığı sonucuna ulaşmaktadır. Bu bağlamda hukukilik ilkesinin evrensel ve değişmez bir normatif formül değil, farklı hukuk kültürleri içerisinde farklı işlevler üstlenen paradigmatik bir ilke olduğu ileri sürülmektedir.

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Cite This Article

Arslan, E. (2026). THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGALITY IN SCOTTISH AND TURKISH CRIMINAL LAW: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF LEGAL CULTURE. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 5, 1663–1701. https://doi.org/10.32957/hacettepehdf.1963390

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