Journals / MANAS Journal of Religious Sciences / 2026 / Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Marriage, Mobility, and Islamization in the Indian Ocean World: The Case of Malabar (9th–12th Centuries)

Evlilik, Hareketlilik ve İslamlaşma: Hint Okyanusu Dünyasında Malabar Örneği (9.–12. Yüzyıllar)

Suhair Thottupurath(NECMETTIN ERBAKAN UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-4793-0646
Pages
75–84
Publication Date
2026-06-25
DOI
—
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

It challenges empire-centered models of Islamization and underscores the importance of social processes in the global spread of Islam.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:This article examines Islamization in the Indian Ocean world by foregrounding marriage and social mobility as central mechanisms of religious transmission beyond imperial conquest and state patronage.
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Key Findings & Data:Malabar occupied a strategic position within the Indian Ocean trade network linking southern Arabia, East Africa, the Persian Gulf, and Southeast Asia.
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Conclusion & Impact:It challenges empire-centered models of Islamization and underscores the importance of social processes in the global spread of Islam.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Malabar · İslamlaşma · Evlilik

Abstract

This article examines Islamization in the Indian Ocean world by foregrounding marriage and social mobility as central mechanisms of religious transmission beyond imperial conquest and state patronage. Focusing on the Malabar Coast of South India between the ninth and twelfth centuries, the study explores how Muslim merchant mobility and intermarriage facilitated the gradual and socially embedded spread of Islam. Rather than viewing Islamization as a product of political domination or military expansion, the article approaches it as a long-term process shaped by everyday social relations, family formation, and household-level religious practice. Malabar occupied a strategic position within the Indian Ocean trade network linking southern Arabia, East Africa, the Persian Gulf, and Southeast Asia. Muslim merchants particularly from Hadramawt established sustained commercial and residential ties with Malabar’s port cities. Over time, seasonal travel developed into permanent settlement, and intermarriage between Muslim merchants and local women became a key avenue for social integration. These marital unions created kinship networks through which Islamic norms, rituals, and moral values were transmitted across generations. The article argues that marriage functioned not merely as a demographic or cultural byproduct of trade but as a structural mechanism of Islamization. Religious practices were incorporated into domestic life, enabling Islam to take root without coercion or institutional enforcement. By situating the Malabar case within broader Indian Ocean patterns, the study demonstrates that non-imperial forms of Islamization were both widespread and effective. This analysis contributes to Indian Ocean studies and Islamic history by highlighting the role of family, kinship, and mobility in shaping early Muslim societies. It challenges empire-centered models of Islamization and underscores the importance of social processes in the global spread of Islam.

Özet

Bu makale, Hint Okyanusu dünyasında İslam’ın yayılış sürecini siyasal fetih ve devlet himayesi modellerinin ötesinde ele alarak, evlilik ve toplumsal hareketliliği İslamlaşmanın temel mekanizmaları olarak incelemektedir. Güney Hindistan’daki Malabar Sahili örneğini merkeze alan çalışma, özellikle 9.–12. yüzyıllar arasında Arap Müslüman tüccarların bölgeyle kurduğu deniz ticareti ağları çerçevesinde gelişen sosyal ilişkilerin, dinî dönüşümde oynadığı rolü analiz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda İslamlaşma, askerî ya da idarî bir sürecin sonucu olarak değil; uzun süreli ikamet, evlilik bağları ve aile temelli toplumsal bütünleşme yoluyla gerçekleşen kademeli bir dönüşüm olarak ele alınmaktadır. Makale, Malabar Sahili’nin erken Orta Çağ’dan itibaren Güney Arabistan, Doğu Afrika ve Basra Körfezi’ni birbirine bağlayan Hint Okyanusu ticaret sisteminin önemli bir parçası olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Hadramut başta olmak üzere Arap Yarımadası’nın güneyinden gelen Müslüman tüccarlar, Malabar liman kentlerinde kurdukları ticari ve sosyal ilişkiler aracılığıyla yerel topluluklarla evlilikler gerçekleştirmiştir. Bu evlilikler, yalnızca bireysel birliktelikler değil, aynı zamanda İslamî pratiklerin, ahlaki normların ve toplumsal kimliğin hane içi düzeyde aktarılmasını mümkün kılan yapısal bağlar oluşturmuştur. Çalışma, evliliği İslamlaşmanın ikincil bir unsuru olarak değil, merkezi bir toplumsal strateji olarak ele almakta; aile, akrabalık ve gündelik yaşamın dinî dönüşümdeki belirleyici rolünü ortaya koymaktadır. Bu yaklaşım, Malabar’daki İslamlaşma sürecini Hint Okyanusu dünyasında gözlemlenen daha geniş, imparatorluk-dışı İslamlaşma örüntüleri içinde konumlandırmakta ve İslam tarih yazımına daha çoğulcu bir perspektif sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Thottupurath, S. (2026). Marriage, Mobility, and Islamization in the Indian Ocean World: The Case of Malabar (9th–12th Centuries). MANAS Journal of Religious Sciences, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 75–84. https://ajindex.com/articles/1646006

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