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Journals / Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi / 2025 / Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

The Role of Agrobacterium-Mediated Gene Transfer in the Development of Transgenic Maize (Zea mays L.)

Transgenik Mısır (Zea mays L.) Bitkilerinin Geliştirilmesinde Agrobacterium Aracılığıyla Gen Aktarımının Rolü

Şeyma Doğancı(KIRŞEHİR AHİ EVRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0005-6937-2755
Sevil Sağlam Yılmaz(KIRŞEHİR AHİ EVRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-1302-9147
Pages
133–144
Publication Date
2025-12-31
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

This review examines the role of the Agrobacterium-based gene transfer protocol, the most widely used gene transfer protocol in plant development, in the development of transgenic maize plants and key indicators for future approaches.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Corn (Zea mays L.) is an important warm-season cereal crop, the most widely cultivated in the world for food and feed.
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Key Findings & Data:Genetically modified crops/organisms (GMOs), the outcome of advances in biotechnology, hold significant potential for improving tolerance to diseases and pests, reducing dependence on pesticides, preserving genetic resources, breeding new varieties with increased tolerance to stress factors (drought, frost, salinity, etc.), increasing the nutritional value of crops, extending shelf life, producing edible vaccines, and, particularly, ensuring sustainability in agriculture.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:This review examines the role of the Agrobacterium-based gene transfer protocol, the most widely used gene transfer protocol in plant development, in the development of transgenic maize plants and key indicators for future approaches.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Agrobacterium · Transformasyon · Mısır

Abstract

Corn (Zea mays L.) is an important warm-season cereal crop, the most widely cultivated in the world for food and feed. It is crucial for the sustainability of agricultural production today and in the future. Genetically modified crops/organisms (GMOs), the outcome of advances in biotechnology, hold significant potential for improving tolerance to diseases and pests, reducing dependence on pesticides, preserving genetic resources, breeding new varieties with increased tolerance to stress factors (drought, frost, salinity, etc.), increasing the nutritional value of crops, extending shelf life, producing edible vaccines, and, particularly, ensuring sustainability in agriculture. However, the rapid proliferation of GMOs, also known as transgenic organisms, has always raised concerns in society regarding regulatory oversight and traceability. The first transgenic corn varieties were commercially produced in the United States in 1996. Scientific studies, dating back nearly thirty years, have demonstrated that transgenic corn does not pose a significant risk to human, animal, or environmental health. Maize is currently the second most produced genetically modified crop after soybeans, with 68 million hectares of cultivated land worldwide. The majority of gene transformations (55%) have been conducted to confer herbicide and insect resistance traits together. This is followed by herbicide resistance alone (33%) and insect resistance (14%). Studies on other traits (drought, cold, increased nutritional content etc.) are ongoing for 1%. This review examines the role of the Agrobacterium-based gene transfer protocol, the most widely used gene transfer protocol in plant development, in the development of transgenic maize plants and key indicators for future approaches.

Özet

Mısır (Zea mays L.), gıda ve yem amaçlı kullanıma sahip dünyada en fazla yetiştirilen önemli bir sıcak iklim tahıl cinsidir. Günümüzde ve gelecekte tarımsal üretimin sürdürülebilirliği açısından son derece önemlidir. Biyoteknoloji alanındaki gelişmelerin bir çıktısı olan genetiği değiştirilmiş ürünler/organizmalar (GDO), hastalık ve zararlılara toleransın geliştirilmesinde, pestisitlere olan bağımlılığın azaltılmasında, gen kaynaklarının korunmasında, stres faktörlerine (kuraklık, don, tuzluluk vb.) toleransı yüksek yeni çeşitlerin ıslah edilmesinde, ürünlerin besin değerinin artırılmasında, raf ömrünün uzatılmasında, yenilebilir aşıların üretiminde, özellikle de tarımda sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanmasında önemli bir potansiyele sahiptir. Ancak, GDO’ların diğer ifadeyle transgenik organizmaların ürün çeşitliliğinin hızlı yaygınlaşması, düzenleyici gözetim ve izlenebilirlik açısından toplumlarda her zaman endişe uyandırmıştır. İlk transgenik mısır çeşitleri ticari olarak 1996 yılında Amerika’da üretime geçmiştir. Yapılan bilimsel çalışmalar yaklaşık otuz yıllık bir geçmişe sahip transgenik mısır bitkisinin insan ve hayvan sağlığı ile çevre üzerine önemli bir risk oluşturmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Mısır günümüzde dünya genelinde 68 milyon ha ekim alanıyla soyadan sonra ikinci en fazla üretimi yapılan genetiği değiştirilmiş bitkidir. Mısır bitkisine en fazla (%55) herbisit ve böceklere dayanıklılık özelliklerini birlikte kazandırmak amacıyla gen transformasyonu yapılmıştır. Bunu tek başına %33 oranında herbisitlere ve %14 oranında böceklere dayanıklılık özellikleri takip etmektedir. % 1 oranında ise diğer (kuraklığa, soğuğa dayanıklılık, besin değeri içeriğinin artırılması vb.) özellikler üzerinde çalışmalar devam etmektedir. Bu derlemede, bitkilere gen aktarımında en yaygın olarak kullanılan Agrobacterium tabanlı gen aktarım protokolünün transgenik mısır bitkilerinin gelişimindeki rolü ile gelecek yaklaşımlara dair temel göstergeler incelenmiştir.

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Cite This Article

Doğancı, Ş., Yılmaz, S. S. (2025). The Role of Agrobacterium-Mediated Gene Transfer in the Development of Transgenic Maize (Zea mays L.). Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 133–144. https://ajindex.com/articles/1645927

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