Journals / Başkent Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE AND ITS REFLECTIONS ON TURKISH ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

İHTİYAT İLKESİ ve TÜRK İDARE HUKUKUNA YANSIMALARI

Pages
275–310
Publication Date
2026-09-14
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In its current application, the principle has become a norm that expands the discretionary power of the administration, dictates whether an activity is permitted or not, and serves as a criterion of legality adopted by judges in judicial reviews.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:In this study, the precautionary principle, which has been present in soft law instruments and certain national domestic legislations from the second half of the 20th century onwards, is examined within the framework of its definition, scope, historical development, and reflections on Turkish Administrative Law.
📊
Key Findings & Data:This constitutes a significantly different approach from traditional administrative law perspectives.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In its current application, the principle has become a norm that expands the discretionary power of the administration, dictates whether an activity is permitted or not, and serves as a criterion of legality adopted by judges in judicial reviews.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:İhtiyat ilkesi · ispat yükü · bilimsel belirsizlik

Abstract

In this study, the precautionary principle, which has been present in soft law instruments and certain national domestic legislations from the second half of the 20th century onwards, is examined within the framework of its definition, scope, historical development, and reflections on Turkish Administrative Law. The precautionary principle dictates that in the presence of threats to the ecosystem and human health, precautionary measures should be taken regarding an activity or product, even if it is not scientifically proven to be harmless. Therefore, when the precautionary principle is involved, an existing and definitive fact will not constitute the legal ground for administrative decisions; rather, uncertainty will determine the direction of administrative acts. This constitutes a significantly different approach from traditional administrative law perspectives. However, since waiting for scientific certainty to be established in matters such as the ecosystem and human health may lead to irreversible damages, the precautionary principle takes its place in administrative law as an essential principle that must be considered. In our legal system, the precautionary principle has also been directly incorporated into certain legislative provisions and has been the subject of judicial decisions. In its current application, the principle has become a norm that expands the discretionary power of the administration, dictates whether an activity is permitted or not, and serves as a criterion of legality adopted by judges in judicial reviews.

Özet

Bu çalışmada, 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren soft law belgelerinde ve bazı ülkelerin ulusal mevzuatında yer alan ihtiyat ilkesi, tanımı, kapsamı, tarihsel gelişimiyle ve Türk İdare Hukukuna yansımaları çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. İhtiyat ilkesi ekosistem ve insan sağlığına yönelik tehditlerin bulunması durumunda, kesin bilimsel kanıt aranmaksızın faaliyet veya ürüne ilişkin önleyici tedbirler alınmasını öngören bir ilkedir. Dolayısıyla ihtiyat ilkesi söz konusu olduğunda mevcut olgular idari işlemlerin sebebi olmayacak, bilimsel belirsizlik idari işlemlerin yönünü belirleyebilecektir. Bu durum geleneksel idare hukuku yaklaşımlardan oldukça farklı bir yaklaşımdır. Ancak ekosistem ve insan sağlığı gibi hususlarda bilimsel olarak belirlilik oluşmasını beklemek sonradan telafi edilemeyecek zararlara yol açabileceğinden, ihtiyat ilkesi dikkate alınması gereken önemli bir ilke olarak idare hukukunda yer almaktadır. Bizde de ihtiyat ilkesi bazı mevzuat hükümlerinde doğrudan yer almış, yargı kararlarına da konu olmuştur. Günümüzdeki uygulamasıyla ilke idarenin takdir yetkisini genişleten ya da faaliyete izin verilmesini ya da verilmemesini sağlayan, yargı denetimlerinde de yargıcın hukuka uygunluk ölçütü olarak esas alabildiği bir ilke haline gelmiştir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Boulanger, Ö. D. (2026). THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE AND ITS REFLECTIONS ON TURKISH ADMINISTRATIVE LAW. Başkent Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 275–310. https://ajindex.com/articles/1644448

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (48)

  1. Akyılmaz, Bahtiyar/Sezginer, Murat/Kaya, Cemil, Türk İdare Hukuku, 19. B., Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara 2025.
  2. Atay, Ender Ethem, İdare Hukuku, 9. B., Turhan Kitapevi, Ankara 2024.
  3. Beyerlin, Ulrich/Marauhn, Thilo, International Environmental Law, Hart Publishing, Oxford 2011.
  4. Civanoğlu, Ahmet, Çevre Hukuku’nda İhtiyat İlkesi, (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Mayıs 2006, Ulusal Tez Merkezi, https://tez.yok.gov.tr/.
  5. Çuhacı, Aysu, “Ulrich Beck’in Risk Toplumu Kuramı”, Sosyoloji Dergisi, 3. Dizi, S. 14, Y. 2007, s. 129-157.
  6. Demiralp, Sadun, “Yerel Gündem 21”, Öneri, C. 2, S. 10, Haziran 1998, s. 27-28.
  7. Demirci, Mustafa, “İhtiyatlılık İlkesinin Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirmesi”, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, Y. 2009, C. 23, S. 1, s. 379-396.
  8. Deguergue, Maryse, “Les avancées du principe de précaution en droit administratif français”, Revue internationale de droit comparé, Y. 2006, C. 58, S. 2, s. 621-641.
  9. de Sadeleer, Nicolas, Le Principe de Précaution Dans Le Monde, Fondapol / Fondation pour l’innovation politique, 2011.
  10. Dupuy, Pierre-Marie/Viñuales, Jorge E., International Environmental Law, 2. B., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2018.
  11. Eastaugh, Érik Labelle, “The Precautionary Principle as Justification for Limiting Constitutional Rights”, Alberta Law Review, Y. 2025, C. 62, S. 4, s. 818-845.
  12. Freestone, David/Hey, Ellen, Ed., The Precautionary Principle and International Law: The Challenge of Implementation, International Environmental Law and Policy Series, C. 31, Kluwer Law International, 1996.
  13. Hayes, A. Wallace, “The Precautionary Principle”, Arh Hig Rada Toksikol, Y. 2005, C. 56, s. 161-166.
  14. Hemphill, Thomas A., “The innovation governance dilemma: Alternatives to the precautionary principle”, Technology in Society, Y. 2020, C. 63, s. 1-9.
  15. Gandreau, Stéphanie/Vanneuville, Rachel, Le Principe de Précaution Saisi par le Juge Administratif: Enjeux Politiques et Sociaux de la Mobilisation Juridique du Principe de Précaution, (Rapport de fin d’étude), Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur l'Aménagement du Territoire (CERAT) / Institut d'Études Politiques de Grenoble, Ministère de l’Écologie et du Développement Durable (Programme EPR 4), Grenoble 2004.
  16. Güneş, Ahmet M., Çevre Hukuku, 5. B., Ankara 2023.
  17. Güneş, Ahmet M., Çevre Hukukunda İhtiyat İlkesi, 1. B., Ankara 2012.
  18. Güneş, Ahmet M., Ulusal ve Uluslararası Çevre Hukukunun Temel İlkeleri, Haklar ve Araştırmalar Derneği, Yayın No: 6, 2021.
  19. Kalabalık, Halil, İdare Hukuku Dersleri Cilt II, 6. B., Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara 2024.
  20. Keskin, Züleyha, “İklim Değişikliği Davalarında İhtiyat İlkesi”, Anayasa Yargısı, Y. 2025, C. 42, S. 2, s. 1153–1222.
  21. Kiss, Alexandre, “The Rights and Interests of Future Generations and the Precautionary Principle”, The Precautionary Principle and International Law: The Challenge of Implementation, Ed.: David Freestone/Ellen Hey, International Environmental Law and Policy Series, C. 31, Kluwer Law International, 1996.
  22. Michanek, Gabriel, “The Precautionary Principle in Sweden”, De Lege: Juridiska Fakulteten i Uppsala Årsbok 2019, Ed.: Mattias Dahlberg, Uppsala 2019, https://journals.uu.se/DeLege/article/view/459/413.
  23. Morris, Mark, “The Precautionary Principle: Good for Environmental Activists, Bad for Business”, Journal of Business Administration Online, Y. 2010, C. 9, S. 2, s. 1-24.
  24. Pesqueux, Yvon, Les ‘principe’ de précaution et autres ‘principes’, Master, France 2020, https://shs.hal.science/halshs-02898966/document.
  25. Patricia Birnie/Alan Boyle/Catherine Redgwell, International Law and the Environment, 3. B., Oxford University Press, 2009.
  26. Snow, John, On the Mode of Communication of Cholera, 2. B., John Churchill, Londra 1854.
  27. Sönmez, Melike, İKV Bilgi Notu: Uluslararası Adalet Divanı İklim Adaleti Tavsiye Kararı, https://www.ikv.org.tr/images/files/ikv_bilgi_notu_uluslararasi_adalet_divaninin_23_temmuz_tarihli_iklim_adaleti_tavsiye_karari_melike_sonmez.pdf.
  28. Sunstein, Cass R., “Beyond the Precautionary Principle”, John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics Working Paper No. 149, 2002.
  29. Stevens, Mary, “The Precautionary Principle in the International Arena”, Sustainable Development Law and Policy, Spring/Summer 2002, s. 13-15.
  30. Turgut, Nükhet, “İhtiyat İlkesi”, Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, Y. 1996, C. 45, S. 1, s. 67-102.
  31. UNESCO, The Precautionary Principle, World Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and Technology (COMEST), Paris 2005.
  32. Zining, Jin, “Introducing the Precautionary Principle into Administrative Law ----Facing the Challenges to the Rule of Law”, Academia Sinica Law Journal, S. 19, s. 53-97.
  33. A/CONF.151/26/Vol.I: Rio Declaration on Environment and Development.
  34. ADB’s Law and Policy Reform Program. ADB’s Law nad Policy Reform Program, 201612-environmental-law-principles-precautionary-principle.pdf.
  35. https://www.ab.gov.tr/files/pub/antlasmalar.pdf
  36. Bhopal disaster | Causes, Effects, Facts, & History | Britannica.
  37. https://www.dejure.ai/ Çernobil nükleer felaketi: Santralde neler yaşandı, patlamanın etkisi ne oldu? - BBC News Türkçe
  38. ECCHR: Hard law/soft law
  39. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2000:0001:FIN:en:PDF
  40. Fukuşima felaketi: Nükleer santralde 11 yıl önce neler oldu? - BBC News Türkçe
  41. https://www.icnirp.org
  42. https://www.ospar.org/about
  43. https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/
  44. www.legalbank.net UYAP Bilişim Sistemi | Ana Sayfa | Vatandaş Portal
  45. TDK Sözlük Anlamı.
  46. www.tarımorman.gov.tr United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3-14 June 1992 | United Nations,
  47. World Charter for Nature.
  48. Pesqueux, Yvon, Les ‘principe’ de précaution et autres ‘principes’, Master, France 2020, https://shs.hal.science/halshs-02898966/document.