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Journals / Bingöl Üniversitesi Sağlık Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Air Pollution, Health Expenditures, and Respiratory Mortality: An Efficiency Analysis of OECD Countries

Hava Kirliliği, Sağlık Harcamaları ve Solunum Yolu Hastalıklarına Bağlı Mortalite: OECD Ülkelerinin Etkinlik Analizi

Zeliha Çelik(AMASYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0003-2550-7791
Fulden Sari(BINGOL UNIVERSITY, HEALTH ACADEMY, DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION)0000-0002-5628-698X
Fevzi Akbulut(BİTLİS EREN ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-8511-7712
Pages
45–53
Publication Date
2026-08-31
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Tobit regression results indicated that PM2.5 emissions were significantly and negatively associated with super-efficiency scores (β= -0.133, p< 0.05).

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Air pollution and environmental problems cause respiratory morbidity and mortality worldwide.
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Key Findings & Data:This study aimed to evaluate the impact of particulate matter (PM2.5), greenhouse gas emissions, and health expenditures on mortality from respiratory diseases in selected OECD countries.
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Conclusion & Impact:Tobit regression results indicated that PM2.5 emissions were significantly and negatively associated with super-efficiency scores (β= -0.133, p< 0.05).
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2023 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Gebelik · Huntington Hastalığı · İntrauterin Büyüme Geriliği

Abstract

Air pollution and environmental problems cause respiratory morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of particulate matter (PM2.5), greenhouse gas emissions, and health expenditures on mortality from respiratory diseases in selected OECD countries. This cross-sectional study included 17 OECD countries with complete data for 2023. An input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model was used to assess the efficiency of the countries. PM2.5 emissions, greenhouse gas emissions (CO₂-equivalent), and per capita health expenditure were used as input variables, while mortality from respiratory diseases (per 100,000 inhabitants) was defined as the output variable. The mean efficiency score was 0.733, and six countries were identified as efficient. Tobit regression results indicated that PM2.5 emissions were significantly and negatively associated with super-efficiency scores (β= -0.133, p< 0.05). Health expenditure per capita also showed a negative significant association (β= -0.000114, p= 0.05), while greenhouse gas emissions were not significantly related to super-efficiency scores (p> 0.05). Health expenditures alone may not increase efficiency without effective environmental control strategies. These findings emphasize importance of integrating environmental policies into health system planning to reduce the burden of respiratory diseases.

Özet

Hava kirliliği ve çevresel sorunlar, dünya genelinde solunum yolu hastalıklarına bağlı morbidite ve mortaliteye neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışma, seçilmiş OECD ülkelerinde ince partikül madde (PM2.5), sera gazı emisyonları ve sağlık harcamalarının solunum yolu hastalıklarına bağlı mortalite üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu kesitsel çalışma, 2023 yılına ait eksiksiz verileri bulunan 17 OECD ülkesini kapsamaktadır. Ülkelerin etkinliğini değerlendirmek için girdi yönelimli Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) modeli kullanılmıştır. PM2.5 emisyonları, sera gazı emisyonları (CO₂-eşdeğeri) ve kişi başına sağlık harcaması girdi değişkenleri olarak kullanılırken, solunum yolu hastalıklarına bağlı mortalite (100.000 kişi başına) çıktı değişkeni olarak tanımlanmıştır. Ortalama etkinlik puanı 0,733 olup altı ülke etkin olarak belirlenmiştir. Tobit regresyon sonuçları, PM2.5 emisyonlarının süper etkinlik puanları ile negatif yönde anlamlı ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir (β= -0,133, p< 0,05). Kişi başına sağlık harcaması da süper etkinlik puanları ile negatif yönde anlamlı ilişkili bulunmuştur (β= -0,000114, p= 0,05), ancak sera gazı emisyonları ile süper etkinlik puanları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki yoktur (p> 0,05). Sağlık harcamaları, etkili çevresel kontrol stratejileri olmaksızın tek başına etkinliği artırmayabilir. Bu bulgular, solunum yolu hastalıklarının yükünü azaltmak amacıyla çevresel politikaların sağlık sistemi planlamasına entegre edilmesinin önemini vurgulamaktadır

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Cite This Article

Çelik, Z., Sari, F., Akbulut, F. (2026). Air Pollution, Health Expenditures, and Respiratory Mortality: An Efficiency Analysis of OECD Countries. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sağlık Dergisi, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 45–53. https://doi.org/10.58605/bingolsaglik.1996890

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