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Journals / Uluslararası Afro-Avrasya Araştırmaları Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 11 Sayı: 22

FROM DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATIONS TO “APOCALYPSE” THE QUESTION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ONSET OF THE GENOCIDE AGAINST THE TUTSI IN RWANDA (1993–1994)

DİPLOMATİK MÜZAKERELERDEN “KIYAMETE” RUANDA TUTSİ SOYKIRIMIN BAŞLAMASINDA SORUMLULUK MESELESİ (1993–1994)

Ayşe Sıla Çehreli(MARMARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-7460-8241
Pages
170–183
Publication Date
2026-09-29
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Particular attention is paid to Habyarimana’s dual discourse on the peace process and to his eventual disavowal of Ngulinzira.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:This article examines the position adopted by president Juvénal Habyarimana and the MRND towards the Arusha peace process, in order to assess their responsibility for the political impasse that preceded the Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda.
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Key Findings & Data:It argues that, although the Arusha Accords of 4 August 1993 were intended to establish power-sharing institutions and pave the way for democratic elections, their implementation was obstructed by Habyarimana and, above all, by extremists within his political and military entourage.
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Conclusion & Impact:Particular attention is paid to Habyarimana’s dual discourse on the peace process and to his eventual disavowal of Ngulinzira.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Afrika · Ruanda · Soykırım

Abstract

This article examines the position adopted by president Juvénal Habyarimana and the MRND towards the Arusha peace process, in order to assess their responsibility for the political impasse that preceded the Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda. It argues that, although the Arusha Accords of 4 August 1993 were intended to establish power-sharing institutions and pave the way for democratic elections, their implementation was obstructed by Habyarimana and, above all, by extremists within his political and military entourage. These actors never genuinely accepted a political settlement with the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). Drawing on archival materials, political speeches, and contemporary testimonies, the article focuses in particular on divisions within the Rwandan delegation at Arusha. It also examines the efforts of figures such as colonel Théoneste Bagosora to constrain the negotiations conducted by foreign minister Boniface Ngulinzira. Particular attention is paid to Habyarimana’s dual discourse on the peace process and to his eventual disavowal of Ngulinzira.

Özet

Bu makale, devlet başkanı Juvénal Habyarimana ile MRND’nin Arusha barış sürecine yönelik tutumunu ele almaktadır. Temel amaç, Tutsilere karşı gerçekleştirilen Soykırım öncesinde yaşanan siyasi çıkmazda Habyarimana ve MRND’nin sorumluluğunu değerlendirmektir. 4 Ağustos 1993 tarihli Arusha Anlaşmaları, iktidar paylaşımına dayalı kurumlar oluşturmayı ve Ruanda’yı demokratik seçimlere götürmeyi amaçlıyordu. Ancak anlaşmaların uygulanması Habyarimana ve özellikle de siyasi ve askerî çevresindeki aşırılık yanlıları tarafından engellendi. Bu aktörler, Ruanda Yurtsever Cephesi (RPF) ile siyasi bir uzlaşmayı hiçbir zaman gerçekten kabul etmediler. Arşiv belgeleri, siyasi konuşmalar ve döneme ait tanıklıklara dayanan çalışma, özellikle Ruanda’nın Arusha’daki heyeti içerisindeki görüş ayrılıklarına odaklanmaktadır. Albay Théoneste Bagosora gibi isimlerin, Dışişleri Bakanı Boniface Ngulinzira tarafından yürütülen müzakereleri sınırlandırma yönündeki çabaları da ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca, Habyarimana’nın barış sürecine ilişkin ikili söylemi ve sonunda Ngulinzira’yı desteklemekten vazgeçmesi incelenmektedir.

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Cite This Article

Çehreli, A. S. (2026). FROM DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATIONS TO “APOCALYPSE” THE QUESTION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ONSET OF THE GENOCIDE AGAINST THE TUTSI IN RWANDA (1993–1994). Uluslararası Afro-Avrasya Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 22, 170–183. https://ajindex.com/articles/1564126

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