Journals / Uluslararası Afro-Avrasya Araştırmaları Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 11 Sayı: 22

REMITTANCES, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, AND THE DOMESTIC DEMAND CHANNEL: THE CASE OF KOSOVO

İŞÇİ DÖVİZLERİ, HANEHALKI TÜKETİMİ VE İÇ TALEP KANALI: KOSOVA ÖRNEĞİ

Pages
143–169
Publication Date
2026-09-07
DOI
—
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Overall, the findings do not support a direct Dutch disease interpretation of remittances, but are more consistent with a domestic-demand-mediated transmission mechanism.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:This study examines whether workers’ remittances affect non-tradable sector output in Kosovo directly or indirectly through household consumption over the period 2011Q1–2025Q4.
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Key Findings & Data:A multi-method empirical strategy is employed, combining the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, dynamic and fully modified ordinary least squares estimators (DOLS/FMOLS), Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality tests, and forecast error variance decomposition (FEVD).
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Conclusion & Impact:Overall, the findings do not support a direct Dutch disease interpretation of remittances, but are more consistent with a domestic-demand-mediated transmission mechanism.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:İşçi Dövizleri · Hanehalkı Tüketimi · Ticarete Konu Olmayan Sektörler

Abstract

This study examines whether workers’ remittances affect non-tradable sector output in Kosovo directly or indirectly through household consumption over the period 2011Q1–2025Q4. A multi-method empirical strategy is employed, combining the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, dynamic and fully modified ordinary least squares estimators (DOLS/FMOLS), Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality tests, and forecast error variance decomposition (FEVD). The findings are consistent with a consumption-mediated indirect channel, while providing only limited support for a direct effect. In the household consumption equation, remittances exhibit a stable, positive, and statistically significant long-run elasticity of approximately 0.58 across alternative estimators. By contrast, when non-tradable output is analyzed directly with respect to remittances, no cointegration relationship is detected, and this result remains valid in the pre-COVID-19 subsample. The Toda-Yamamoto tests provide evidence consistent with causality running from remittances to consumption and from consumption to non-tradable output, however, the presence of substantial feedback effects within the system prevents a strict one-way causal interpretation. The variance decomposition results offer additional suggestive evidence that, over a twelve-quarter horizon, approximately 39 percent of the variance in non-tradable output is explained by remittance and consumption shocks. Overall, the findings do not support a direct Dutch disease interpretation of remittances, but are more consistent with a domestic-demand-mediated transmission mechanism.

Özet

Bu çalışma, 2011Ç1-2025Ç4 döneminde Kosova’da işçi dövizlerinin (havalelerinin) ticarete konu olmayan (non-tradable) sektör üretimini doğrudan bir kanaldan mı yoksa hanehalkı tüketimi aracılığıyla dolaylı bir kanaldan mı etkilediğini incelemektedir. Gecikmesi dağıtılmış otoregresif model (ARDL) sınır testi yaklaşımını, dinamik ve tam-modifiye edilmiş EKK (DOLS/FMOLS) tahmincilerini, Toda-Yamamoto Granger nedensellik testlerini ve öngörü hatası varyans ayrıştırmasını (FEVD) bir araya getiren çok yöntemli bir ampirik strateji kullanılmaktadır. Bulgular, tüketim aracılı dolaylı kanal yorumuyla tutarlıdır, buna karşılık doğrudan etki için yalnızca sınırlı destek bulunmaktadır. Hanehalkı tüketimi denkleminde işçi dövizleri, çeşitli alternatif tahminciler genelinde istikrarlı biçimde yaklaşık 0,58 düzeyinde pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir uzun dönem esnekliğiyle yer almaktadır. Buna karşılık, ticarete konu olmayan üretim doğrudan işçi dövizleri üzerine analiz edildiğinde herhangi bir eşbütünleşme ilişkisi saptanmamakta ve bu sonuç COVID-19 öncesi alt örneklemde de geçerliliğini korumaktadır. Toda-Yamamoto testleri işçi dövizlerinden tüketime ve tüketimden ticarete konu olmayan üretime yönelik nedensellikle tutarlı bulgular sunmakla birlikte, sistemde belirgin geri besleme (çift yönlü) etkileri de mevcuttur ve bu durum kesin tek-yönlü nedensel bir yorumu engellemektedir. Varyans ayrıştırması, on iki çeyreklik ufukta ticarete konu olmayan üretim varyansının yaklaşık yüzde 39’unun işçi dövizleri ve tüketim şoklarınca açıklandığına dair telkin edici (suggestive) ek kanıt sağlamaktadır. Bulgular, işçi dövizlerin doğrudan bir Hollanda hastalığı yorumunu desteklemediğini, bunun yerine iç talep aracılı bir aktarım mekanizmasıyla daha tutarlı olduğunu göstermektedir.

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Cite This Article

Kazaz, D., Kazaz, A. A., Uzunoğlu, S. (2026). REMITTANCES, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, AND THE DOMESTIC DEMAND CHANNEL: THE CASE OF KOSOVO. Uluslararası Afro-Avrasya Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 22, 143–169. https://ajindex.com/articles/1564125

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