Journals / Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Sayı: 12

Celenium, Zinc, Copper and Vitamin D in Thyroid Diseases

Tiroid Hastalıklarında Selenyum, Çinko, Bakır ve D Vitamini

Dilara Berşan Konyalıgil(ATILIM UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS)0000-0002-8088-9350
Nevra Koç(Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gülhane Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey)0000-0002-4358-4443
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-09-06
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The aim of this review is to summarize the association of selenium, zinc, copper and vitamin D with autoimmune thyroid diseases on the basis of various studies and available literature.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The thyroid gland is the organ most commonly affected by autoimmune diseases and thyroid disease is the most common endocrine disorder worldwide.
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Key Findings & Data:Examples of autoimmune thyroid disease include Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease.
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Conclusion & Impact:The aim of this review is to summarize the association of selenium, zinc, copper and vitamin D with autoimmune thyroid diseases on the basis of various studies and available literature.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Bakır · Çinko · D Vitamini

Abstract

The thyroid gland is the organ most commonly affected by autoimmune diseases and thyroid disease is the most common endocrine disorder worldwide. Examples of autoimmune thyroid disease include Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease. Studies have shown that blood concentrations of selenium are related to thyroid hormones. Low selenium status has been associated with newly diagnosed Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Many studies have documented the positive health effects of selenium supplementation on quality of life and thyroid peroxidase autoantibody. Similarly, zinc has important roles in the metabolism of thyroid hormones. Serum zinc concentrations appear to affect serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone levels. Low plasma zinc concentrations have been associated with hypothyroidism and high zinc concentrations with hyperthyroidism. Blood copper levels are associated with serum free thyroxine levels and the presence of thyroid nodules in healthy individuals. High serum copper concentrations have been positively associated with the presence of thyroid autoantibodies. Studies have reported that patients with thyroid cancer have higher serum copper levels than healthy controls. Recent evidence has shown an association between low vitamin D status and autoimmune thyroid diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease, and impaired vitamin D signaling has been reported in thyroid cancers. The aim of this review is to summarize the association of selenium, zinc, copper and vitamin D with autoimmune thyroid diseases on the basis of various studies and available literature.

Özet

Tiroid bezi, otoimmün hastalıklardan en sık etkilenen organ olmakla birlikte tiroid hastalığı, tüm dünyada en sık görülen endokrin bozukluktur. Otoimmün tiroid hastalığının örnekleri arasında Hashimoto tiroiditi ve Graves hastalığı bulunmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalarda selenyumun kan konsantrasyonlarının tiroid hormonları ile ilişkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. Düşük selenyum durumu, yeni teşhis edilen Graves hastalığı ve Hashimoto tiroiditi ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Birçok çalışma selenyum takviyesinin yaşam kalitesi ve tiroid peroksidaz otoantikor üzerindeki olumlu sağlık etkilerini belgelemiştir. Benzer şekilde çinkonun tiroid hormonlarının metabolizmasında önemli rolleri bulunmaktadır. Serum çinko konsantrasyonlarının serum triiyodotironin, tiroksin ve tiroid uyarıcı hormon düzeylerini etkilediği görülmektedir. Düşük plazma çinko konsantrasyonu hipotiroidizm, yüksek çinko konsantrasyonu hipertiroidizm ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Kan bakır seviyeleri ise sağlıklı bireylerde serum serbest tiroksin seviyeleri ve tiroid nodüllerinin varlığı ile ilişkilidir. Yüksek serum bakır konsantrasyonu ise, tiroid otoantikorunun varlığı ile pozitif ilişkili olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışmalar; tiroid kanserli hastaların sağlıklı kontrollere göre daha yüksek serum bakır düzeylerine sahip olduğunu bildirmiştir. Son kanıtlar, düşük D vitamini durumu ile Hashimoto tiroiditi ve Graves hastalığı gibi otoimmün tiroid hastalıkları arasında bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir ve tiroid kanserlerinde D vitamini sinyalinin bozulduğu rapor edilmiştir. Bu derlemenin amacı; selenyum, çinko, bakır ve D vitamininin otoimmün tiroid hastalıklarıyla ilişkisini, çeşitli çalışmalar ve mevcut literatür temelinde özetlemektir.

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Cite This Article

Konyalıgil, D. B., Koç, N. (2026). Celenium, Zinc, Copper and Vitamin D in Thyroid Diseases. Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, Sayı: 12. https://doi.org/10.53493/avrasyasbd.1498656

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