Journals / Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

CAS in International Sports Governance: States, Legitimacy, and Legal Limits

Uluslararası Spor Yönetişiminde CAS: Devletler, Meşruiyet ve Hukuki Sınırlar

Merve Mesçioğlu Fedai(ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ)0000-0001-9177-077X
Recep Fedai(Çanakkale Onsekizmart Üniversitesi)0000-0002-5547-0048
Ferhat Aktaş(ÇANAKKALE ONSEKİZ MART ÜNİVERSİTESİ, YENİCE MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU)0000-0003-0010-5876
Orhan Küçük(AFYONKARAHISAR HEALTH SCIENCES UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-7931-7515
Pages
1–19
Publication Date
2026-08-19
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The study concludes that the continuing legitimacy of CAS depends on combining specialized arbitration with greater transparency, meaningful representation, procedural fairness, and effective but carefully limited external review.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Since its establishment in 1984, the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) has become the principal transnational arbitral forum for international sports disputes.
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Key Findings & Data:Domestic criminal enforcement further demonstrates that sporting autonomy does not place international sports organizations beyond public legal control.
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Conclusion & Impact:The study concludes that the continuing legitimacy of CAS depends on combining specialized arbitration with greater transparency, meaningful representation, procedural fairness, and effective but carefully limited external review.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Uluslararası Spor Tahkim Mahkemesi · Spor Yönetişimi · Avrupa Birliği

Abstract

Since its establishment in 1984, the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) has become the principal transnational arbitral forum for international sports disputes. Unlike treaty-based international courts, its authority derives primarily from arbitration clauses, federation statutes, and participation rules. This structure supports specialization, speed, and a degree of consistency in sports dispute resolution, but it also raises questions concerning institutional independence, legitimacy, transparency, and effective judicial protection. This study examines the position of CAS within international sports governance, with particular attention to its institutional structure, governance arrangements, interpretive authority, and external legal constraints. Using qualitative document analysis, the study examines fourteen academic publications and nine primary legal and institutional documents. The findings show that CAS jurisprudence contributes to the development of lex sportiva by providing persuasive guidance in later disputes, although it does not constitute formally binding precedent. Recent changes in ICAS composition and financial reporting have improved institutional openness, but concerns remain regarding representation, appointment procedures, and the appearance of independence. The limited setting-aside review exercised by the Swiss Federal Supreme Court is increasingly supplemented by requirements arising from European Union law and human rights law. Domestic criminal enforcement further demonstrates that sporting autonomy does not place international sports organizations beyond public legal control. The study concludes that the continuing legitimacy of CAS depends on combining specialized arbitration with greater transparency, meaningful representation, procedural fairness, and effective but carefully limited external review.

Özet

Uluslararası Spor Tahkim Mahkemesi (CAS), 1984 yılındaki kuruluşundan bu yana uluslararası spor uyuşmazlıklarının çözümünde başlıca ulusötesi tahkim mercisi hâline gelmiştir. Devletlerarası antlaşmalarla kurulan uluslararası mahkemelerden farklı olarak CAS’ın yetkisi büyük ölçüde tahkim şartlarına, federasyon statülerine ve spora katılım kurallarına dayanmaktadır. Bu yapı, spor uyuşmazlıklarının uzmanlaşmış, hızlı ve görece tutarlı biçimde çözülmesine katkı sağlarken kurumsal bağımsızlık, meşruiyet, şeffaflık ve etkili yargısal koruma bakımından çeşitli tartışmalar doğurmaktadır. Bu çalışma, CAS’ın uluslararası spor yönetişimindeki konumunu; kurumsal yapısı, yönetişim düzenlemeleri, yorumlayıcı etkisi ve dış hukukî denetim mekanizmaları üzerinden incelemektedir. Nitel doküman analizine dayanan araştırmada on dört akademik çalışma ile dokuz birincil hukukî ve kurumsal belge değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, CAS içtihadının biçimsel olarak bağlayıcı emsal oluşturmamasına rağmen, sonraki uyuşmazlıklarda ikna edici bir başvuru kaynağı olarak lex sportiva’nın gelişimine katkı sağladığını göstermektedir. ICAS’ın yapısında ve mali raporlamada gerçekleştirilen değişiklikler kurumsal açıklığı artırmış olmakla birlikte temsil, atama süreçleri ve bağımsızlık algısına ilişkin tartışmalar sürmektedir. İsviçre Federal Mahkemesinin sınırlı iptal denetimi, Avrupa Birliği hukuku ve insan hakları hukukundan kaynaklanan etkili yargısal koruma talepleriyle tamamlanmaktadır. Ulusal ceza hukuku uygulamaları da sportif özerkliğin uluslararası spor kuruluşlarını kamusal hukuk denetiminin dışında bırakmadığını göstermektedir. Çalışma, CAS’ın meşruiyetini sürdürebilmesinin uzmanlaşmış tahkimi daha fazla şeffaflık, anlamlı temsil, usul güvenceleri ve etkili fakat sınırları belirlenmiş dış denetimle birleştirmesine bağlı olduğu sonucuna ulaşmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Fedai, M. M., Fedai, R., Aktaş, F., Küçük, O. (2026). CAS in International Sports Governance: States, Legitimacy, and Legal Limits. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1932784

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