Journals / Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section B: Chemical Engineering / 2026 / Volume: 2026 Issue: 2

Search for new ionophores and determination of trace levels of Cu2+ ions by potentiometric ion–selective electrodes

Oğuz Özbek(TOKAT GAZIOSMANPASA UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-5185-9681
Pages
—
Publication Date
2026-07-29
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In addition, the use of newly designed ionophores offers a cost-effective alternative to commercial counterparts, reducing overall sensor fabrication costs while maintaining satisfactory analytical performance.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Copper(II) ions are essential at trace levels but become toxic at elevated concentrations, making their rapid and accurate determination in environmental samples highly important.
📊
Key Findings & Data:This letter reports the performance of ionophore molecules synthesized by our research group for the potentiometric detection of Cu2+ using ion–selective electrodes.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In addition, the use of newly designed ionophores offers a cost-effective alternative to commercial counterparts, reducing overall sensor fabrication costs while maintaining satisfactory analytical performance.
🔬Design:Letter to Editor
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Ionophore · Copper(II) · Sensor

Abstract

Copper(II) ions are essential at trace levels but become toxic at elevated concentrations, making their rapid and accurate determination in environmental samples highly important. This letter reports the performance of ionophore molecules synthesized by our research group for the potentiometric detection of Cu2+ using ion–selective electrodes. The developed sensors showed fast response, good selectivity, low detection limits, and simple operation, and were successfully applied to environmental samples. In addition, the use of newly designed ionophores offers a cost-effective alternative to commercial counterparts, reducing overall sensor fabrication costs while maintaining satisfactory analytical performance.

🔖

Cite This Article

Özbek, O. (2026). Search for new ionophores and determination of trace levels of Cu2+ ions by potentiometric ion–selective electrodes. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section B: Chemical Engineering, Volume: 2026 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.58692/jotcsb.1914061

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (28)

  1. Adam, S. M., Wijeratne, G. B., Rogler, P. J., Diaz, D. E., Quist, D. A., Liu, J. J., & Karlin, K. D. (2018). Synthetic Fe/Cu complexes: toward understanding heme-copper oxidase structure and function. Chemical reviews, 118(22), 10840-11022.
  2. Adhawiyah, R. E., & Lee, J. (2026). Nanomaterial-enhanced sensors for trace heavy metal ion detection: a review of electrochemical and optical methods. Micro and Nano Systems Letters, 14(1), 4.
  3. Aish, M., Alshehri, R. F., & Amin, A. S. (2023). Construction of an optical sensor for copper determination in environmental, food, and biological samples based on the covalently immobilized 2-(2-benzothiazolylazo)-3-hydroxyphenol in agarose. RSC advances, 13(35), 24777-24788.
  4. Altunoluk, O. C., Özbek, O., Kalay, E., Berkel, C., & Isildak, Ö. (2025). Synthesis and use of novel rhodanine derivatives to fabricate potentiometric sensors for the determination of toxic heavy metal ions. Microchemical Journal, 115090.
  5. Altunoluk, O. C., Özbek, O., Kalay, E., Berkel, C., & Isildak, Ö. (2026). Synthesis of new rhodanine derivative molecules, their biological properties and sensor applications in environmental samples. BMC chemistry, 20(1), 96.
  6. Bakker, E., & Pretsch, E. (2005). Potentiometric sensors for trace-level analysis. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 24(3), 199-207.
  7. Berkil Akar, K., Özbek, O., Berkel, C., Eski, I. M., Bebek, O., & Altunoluk, O. C. (2026). The synthesis of a new 1, 4-anthraquinone derivative molecule: its use as an ionophore in potentiometric sensor design, and its influence on pro-inflammatory cell death of granulosa cells. Polyhedron, 117987.
  8. Bevan, R., & Levy, L. (2024). Biomonitoring for workplace exposure to copper and its compounds is currently not interpretable. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 258, 114358.
  9. Cakmak, M. E., Özbek, O., Akar, K. B., & Gürdere, M. B. (2025). Selective and fast potentiometric sensors based on thiosemicarbazone with low detection limit for the determination of Cu2+ ions. Microchemical Journal, 209, 112894.
  10. Elik, M., Kogu, A. A., Özbek, O., & Gürdere, M. B. (2025). Thiosemicarbazone–based highly selective potentiometric sensor for the determination of copper (II) ions. Results in Surfaces and Interfaces, 18, 100464.
  11. Elhassan, M. M., Mahmoud, A. M., Hegazy, M. A., Mowaka, S., & Bell, J. G. (2025). New trends in potentiometric sensors: From design to clinical and biomedical applications. Talanta, 287, 127623.
  12. Fathy, M. A., & Bühlmann, P. (2025). Next-generation potentiometric sensors: a review of flexible and wearable technologies. Biosensors, 15(1), 51.
  13. Izydorczyk, G., Mikula, K., Skrzypczak, D., Moustakas, K., Witek-Krowiak, A., & Chojnacka, K. (2021). Potential environmental pollution from copper metallurgy and methods of management. Environmental Research, 197, 111050.
  14. Kalay, E., Özbek, O., Elik, M., Berkel, C., & Aslan, O. N. (2025). The synthesis, sensor and biological properties of two novel rhodanine derivative molecules. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 102(2), 101591.
  15. Lancaster, K. M., George, S. D., Yokoyama, K., Richards, J. H., & Gray, H. B. (2009). Type-zero copper proteins. Nature chemistry, 1(9), 711-715.
  16. Leal, P. P., Hurd, C. L., Sander, S. G., Armstrong, E., Fernández, P. A., Suhrhoff, T. J., & Roleda, M. Y. (2018). Copper pollution exacerbates the effects of ocean acidification and warming on kelp microscopic early life stages. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 14763.
  17. Liu, J., Yin, Y., & Liu, G. (2025). Recent Progress of Electrochemical Sensors for Accurate Detection of Heavy Metal Ions in Water: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 101209.
  18. Martinez, M., & Baudelet, M. (2020). Calibration strategies for elemental analysis of biological samples by LA-ICP-MS and LIBS–A review. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 412(1), 27-36.
  19. Özbek, O., Gürdere, M. B., Berkel, C., & Isildak, Ö. (2022). Electroanalytical determination of copper (II) ions using a polymer membrane sensor. Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology, 14(1), 66-74.
  20. Özbek, O., & Isildak, Ö. (2022). Potentiometric determination of copper (II) ions based on a porphyrin derivative. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 69(7), 1060-1069.
  21. Özbek, O., & Ölcenoglu, A. (2023). The use of bis–thiadiazole and bis–oxadiazol derivatives as ionophores: a novel copper (II)–selective potentiometric electrodes. Microchemical Journal, 190, 108679.
  22. Özbek, O., Ugur, Ö. B., Ören, S., Gürdere, M. B., & Kocabas, S. (2024). New solid state contact potentiometric sensor based on a thiosemicarbazone derivative molecule for determination of copper (II) ions in environmental samples. Polyhedron, 252, 116878.
  23. Özbek, O., Akyasan, A., Berkel, C., & Akar, K. B. (2026a). Synthesis of a new molecule, its effect on bacterial growth, and its use in potentiometric sensor applications for the selective, reliable and low cost determination of Cr3+ ions. Chemical Papers, 80(3), 2715-2727.
  24. Özbek, O., Kogu, A. A., Elik, M., & Gürdere, M. B. (2026b). Solid‐Contact Copper (II)‐Selective Potentiometric Sensor Based on a Newly Synthesized Thiazole–Phenylurea Derivative Molecule. ChemistrySelect, 11(1), e05991.
  25. Taylor, A. A., Tsuji, J. S., Garry, M. R., McArdle, M. E., Goodfellow Jr, W. L., Adams, W. J., & Menzie, C. A. (2020). Critical review of exposure and effects: implications for setting regulatory health criteria for ingested copper. Environmental management, 65(1), 131-159.
  26. Pezacki, A. T., Matier, C. D., Gu, X., Kummelstedt, E., Bond, S. E., Torrente, L.,. & Chang, C. J. (2022). Oxidation state-specific fluorescent copper sensors reveal oncogene-driven redox changes that regulate labile copper (II) pools. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(43), e2202736119.
  27. World Health Organization. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 4th ed.; WHO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2022.
  28. Pezacki, A. T., Matier, C. D., Gu, X., Kummelstedt, E., Bond, S. E., Torrente, L.,. & Chang, C. J. (2022). Oxidation state-specific fluorescent copper sensors reveal oncogene-driven redox changes that regulate labile copper (II) pools. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(43), e2202736119.