Journals / Verimlilik Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 60 Sayı: 3

The Effect of R&D Intensity on Return on Equity in SMEs: Panel Data Evidence from Turkey (2016-2023)

KOBİ'lerde Ar-Ge Yoğunluğunun Özsermaye Kârlılığına Etkisi: Türkiye Panel Veri Analizi (2016-2023)

Kadir Dikili(T.C Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı)0000-0001-6872-5217
Ayben Koy(FENERBAHÇE ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-2506-6634
Pages
901–910
Publication Date
2026-07-16
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Moreover, by not limiting the effects of R&D intensity to the contemporaneous period and instead decomposing them dynamically within a distributed lag model framework, the study offers an original contribution by demonstrating that short- and medium-term effects may emerge in different directions.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:This study aims to examine the current and lagged effects of R&D intensity on return on equity (ROE) among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) registered in the KOSGEB database.
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Key Findings & Data:Methodology: An unbalanced panel dataset derived from raw firm-level data covering 2014–2023, with an effective analysis period of 2016–2023, comprising 4,903 firm-year observations from 738 firms, is employed.
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Conclusion & Impact:Moreover, by not limiting the effects of R&D intensity to the contemporaneous period and instead decomposing them dynamically within a distributed lag model framework, the study offers an original contribution by demonstrating that short- and medium-term effects may emerge in different directions.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2014–2023 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Ar-Ge Yoğunluğu · Özsermaye Kârlılığı · KOBİ

Abstract

This study aims to examine the current and lagged effects of R&D intensity on return on equity (ROE) among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) registered in the KOSGEB database. The central research question is whether R&D expenditures exert differential effects on SME profitability across current and subsequent periods. Methodology: An unbalanced panel dataset derived from raw firm-level data covering 2014–2023, with an effective analysis period of 2016–2023, comprising 4,903 firm-year observations from 738 firms, is employed. A distributed lag model captures contemporaneous and up to two-year lagged effects of R&D intensity. A Two-Way Fixed Effects estimator with Driscoll-Kraay robust standard errors is applied to address autocorrelation, heteroskedasticity, and cross-sectional dependence. Findings: Contemporaneous R&D intensity exerts a statistically strong and negative effect on return on equity. One-year lagged R&D intensity yields a positive and significant effect, indicating that R&D investments generate measurable returns within the following year. The two-year lagged effect is statistically insignificant. Originality: The study fills an important empirical gap in the literature by examining the relationship between R&D and profitability using SMEs registered in the KOSGEB database, rather than publicly listed firms. Moreover, by not limiting the effects of R&D intensity to the contemporaneous period and instead decomposing them dynamically within a distributed lag model framework, the study offers an original contribution by demonstrating that short- and medium-term effects may emerge in different directions.

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışma, KOSGEB veri tabanında kayıtlı Ar-Ge yapan küçük ve orta büyüklükteki işletmelerde (KOBİ) Ar-Ge yoğunluğunun özsermaye kârlılığı (ROE) üzerindeki cari ve gecikmeli etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ar-Ge harcamalarının kısa ve orta vadedeki kârlılık etkisinin KOBİ ölçeğinde sistematik biçimde test edilmesi araştırmanın temel sorusunu oluşturmaktadır. Yöntem: 2014–2023 dönemini kapsayan ham veri setinden türetilen ve etkin analiz dönemi 2016–2023 olan 738 firmaya ait 4.903 firma-yıl gözleminden oluşan panel veri seti kullanılmıştır. Ar-Ge yoğunluğunun cari ve iki yıla kadar gecikmeli etkileri dağıtılmış gecikme modeli çerçevesinde test edilmiş; İki Yönlü Sabit Etkiler modeli ve Driscoll-Kraay robust standart hatalar tercih edilmiştir. Bulgular: Cari yıl Ar-Ge yoğunluğu özsermaye kârlılığını anlamlı biçimde olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bir yıl gecikmeli Ar-Ge yoğunluğu ise kârlılık üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı etki yaratmaktadır. İki yıl gecikmeli etki istatistiksel anlam taşımamaktadır. Özgünlük: Çalışma, Ar-Ge ve kârlılık ilişkisini halka açık firmalar yerine KOSGEB veri tabanında yer alan KOBİ'ler üzerinden inceleyerek literatürdeki önemli bir ampirik boşluğu doldurmaktadır. Ayrıca, Ar-Ge yoğunluğunun etkilerini yalnızca cari dönemle sınırlı tutmayıp dağıtılmış gecikme modeli çerçevesinde dinamik olarak ayrıştırması, kısa ve orta vadeli etkilerin farklı yönlerde ortaya çıkabileceğini göstermesi bakımından özgün bir katkı sunmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Dikili, K., Koy, A. (2026). The Effect of R&D Intensity on Return on Equity in SMEs: Panel Data Evidence from Turkey (2016-2023). Verimlilik Dergisi, Cilt: 60 Sayı: 3, 901–910. https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1937548

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