Dergiler / Külliye / 2026 / Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Osmanlı-İngiliz Ekonomik Münasebetleri Çerçevesinde Ticari Kökenli Bir Krizin Diplomasi ve Siyasete Yansımalarını İngiliz Arşiv Belgelerinden Okumak: 1883 Fırat ve Dicle Nehirlerindeki Seyrüsefer Krizi

Reading the Diplomatic and Political Reflections of a Commercially Rooted Crisis within Ottoman–British Economic Relations through British Archival Documents: The 1883 Navigation Crisis on the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers

Faruk Taşkın(ARTVİN ÇORUH ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN-EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ, TARİH BÖLÜMÜ, YAKINÇAĞ TARİHİ ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0002-2872-4575
Sayfa
63–86
Yayın Tarihi
2026-03-25
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⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Bu yöntem doğrultusunda elde edilen bulgular, krizin temelinde 1834 ve 1841 fermanlarının farklı yorumlanmasından doğan bir statü uyuşmazlığının bulunduğunu; İngiltere’nin “kazanılmış hak” söylemine karşı Osmanlı’nın iç su egemenliğine dayalı dar bir hukukî yorum geliştirdiğini; Bağdat ve Basra’daki yerel idarenin uygulamalarının krizi hızla derinleştirdiğini; Musurus Paşa’nın diplomatik müdahaleleri ile Redhouse’un filolojik değerlendirmelerinin ise Osmanlı tezini güçlendirdiğini göstermektedir.

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Amaç & Hipotez:Bu çalışma, 1883 yılında Osmanlı Devleti ile İngiltere arasında Dicle ve Fırat nehirlerinde ortaya çıkan seyrüsefer krizini, ekonomik kökenleri ile diplomasi ve uluslararası hukuk alanındaki yansımaları çerçevesinde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:Çalışmada yöntem olarak, başta Foreign Office arşivlerinin FO 424/137–138 serisindeki gizli yazışmalar olmak üzere, konsolosluk raporları, diplomatik muhtıralar ve dönemin ikincil literatürü belge merkezli bir analizle değerlendirilmiştir.
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Sonuç & Katkı:Bu yöntem doğrultusunda elde edilen bulgular, krizin temelinde 1834 ve 1841 fermanlarının farklı yorumlanmasından doğan bir statü uyuşmazlığının bulunduğunu; İngiltere’nin “kazanılmış hak” söylemine karşı Osmanlı’nın iç su egemenliğine dayalı dar bir hukukî yorum geliştirdiğini; Bağdat ve Basra’daki yerel idarenin uygulamalarının krizi hızla derinleştirdiğini; Musurus Paşa’nın diplomatik müdahaleleri ile Redhouse’un filolojik değerlendirmelerinin ise Osmanlı tezini güçlendirdiğini göstermektedir.
🔬Tür:Literatür & Derleme Çalışması
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Osmanlı İmparatorluğu · Dicle-Fırat Krizi · Seyrüsefer

Özet

Bu çalışma, 1883 yılında Osmanlı Devleti ile İngiltere arasında Dicle ve Fırat nehirlerinde ortaya çıkan seyrüsefer krizini, ekonomik kökenleri ile diplomasi ve uluslararası hukuk alanındaki yansımaları çerçevesinde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada yöntem olarak, başta Foreign Office arşivlerinin FO 424/137–138 serisindeki gizli yazışmalar olmak üzere, konsolosluk raporları, diplomatik muhtıralar ve dönemin ikincil literatürü belge merkezli bir analizle değerlendirilmiştir. Bu yöntem doğrultusunda elde edilen bulgular, krizin temelinde 1834 ve 1841 fermanlarının farklı yorumlanmasından doğan bir statü uyuşmazlığının bulunduğunu; İngiltere’nin “kazanılmış hak” söylemine karşı Osmanlı’nın iç su egemenliğine dayalı dar bir hukukî yorum geliştirdiğini; Bağdat ve Basra’daki yerel idarenin uygulamalarının krizi hızla derinleştirdiğini; Musurus Paşa’nın diplomatik müdahaleleri ile Redhouse’un filolojik değerlendirmelerinin ise Osmanlı tezini güçlendirdiğini göstermektedir. Çalışma ayrıca, seyrüsefer meselesinin yalnızca bir imtiyaz hukuku tartışması değil, aynı zamanda Osmanlı’nın ekonomik millîleştirme çabaları, İngiltere’nin Hindistan stratejisi ve Avrupa güç dengeleriyle yakından ilişkili çok katmanlı bir kriz olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bulgular ışığında çalışma, Osmanlı Devleti’nin uluslararası baskılara rağmen iç su egemenliği ilkesini koruma yönündeki politikalarının, Tanzimat sonrası dönemde ekonomik bağımsızlık arayışının bir parçası olarak okunabileceğini önermektedir.

Abstract

This study aims to examine the navigation crisis that emerged in 1883 between the Ottoman Empire and Britain on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers by situating it within its economic origins and its diplomatic and international legal implications. Methodologically, the research employs a document-based analysis grounded primarily in the confidential correspondence contained in the Foreign Office FO 424/137–138 series, along with consular reports, diplomatic memoranda, and relevant secondary literature. The findings demonstrate that the crisis stemmed from a status dispute arising from divergent interpretations of the imperial decrees of 1834 and 1841; that Britain articulated a discourse of “acquired rights,” whereas the Ottoman Empire advanced a narrow legal interpretation rooted in the principle of internal-water sovereignty; that administrative measures taken by the local authorities in Baghdad and Basra rapidly deepened the tension; and that the diplomatic interventions of Musurus Pasha, together with Redhouse’s philological assessments, significantly strengthened the Ottoman position. The study further shows that the issue of navigation was not merely a matter of concessionary law but a multi-layered crisis closely linked to Ottoman economic nationalization efforts, Britain’s strategic interests in India, and broader European power dynamics. In light of these findings, the study argues that the Ottoman Empire’s insistence on preserving its internal-water sovereignty in the face of international pressure should be understood as an integral component of its quest for economic autonomy in the post-Tanzimat era.

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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Taşkın, F. (2026). Osmanlı-İngiliz Ekonomik Münasebetleri Çerçevesinde Ticari Kökenli Bir Krizin Diplomasi ve Siyasete Yansımalarını İngiliz Arşiv Belgelerinden Okumak: 1883 Fırat ve Dicle Nehirlerindeki Seyrüsefer Krizi. Külliye, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 63–86. https://doi.org/10.48139/aybukulliye.1797798

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Kaynakça (77)

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