Journals / İDEALKENT / 2026 / Cilt: 15 Sayı: 40

Anti-Enlightenment: Architecture and Picturesque in the 18th Century

Aydınlanma Karşıtlığı: 18. Yüzyılda Mimarlık ve Pitoresk

Figen Işıker(Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi)0000-0001-8789-1771
Journal
İDEALKENT
Pages
272–306
Publication Date
2023-08-11
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In fact, it is very meaningful to understand the epistemology of these situations in order to scrutinize time-space paradoxes in architecture, differently.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The paradigms constructing the 18th-century Enlightenment took place simultaneously in many fields.
📊
Key Findings & Data:In the 18th century, excavation of archaeological sites and overseas travels caused an awareness of “other” architectures.
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Conclusion & Impact:In fact, it is very meaningful to understand the epistemology of these situations in order to scrutinize time-space paradoxes in architecture, differently.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:18. yüzyıl · Aydınlanma · Pitoresk

Abstract

The paradigms constructing the 18th-century Enlightenment took place simultaneously in many fields. These paradigms mediate the presentations of concepts within a limited framework. The construction of epistemological discourse in architecture occurs with a similar understanding. In the 18th century, excavation of archaeological sites and overseas travels caused an awareness of “other” architectures. However, such encounters shake the basements of the architectural knowledge built on Antiquity. Documentations of these architectures bring about production of knowledge and many issues to the agenda in institutional/theoretical fields not discussed before. Although there are heated debates that can be considered as productive, these encounters inevitably produce paradoxes in architecture and crises in the existing habits and traditional discourses. In this study it is discussed through examples producing time-space paradoxes in architecture and therefore caused situations that can be seen as anti-Enlightenment, such as Alexander Pope, landscape gardens and follies. These were negotiated in a limited framework to be consistent with Enlightenment ideology. For example, discussions about paradoxical situations were rare despite the fact that numerous texts were written on Picturesque, which forms the theoretical basis of this study and takes an important place in 18th-century architectural historiography. This situation, not coincidentally, confines architecture in a limited frame in a set of such rules. In fact, it is very meaningful to understand the epistemology of these situations in order to scrutinize time-space paradoxes in architecture, differently.

Özet

18. yüzyıl Aydınlanma dönemini inşa eden paradigmalar, birçok alanda eş zamanlı olarak gerçekleşir. Bu paradigmalar kavramların sınırlı içermelerle tartışıldığı, bilgi alanlarının disiplin rejimlerini üretmesine imkân vererek oldukça tanımlı bir çerçeve içinde ortaya konmalarına aracılık eder. Mimarlıkta epistemolojik söylemin inşası da benzer bir kavrayışla gerçekleşir. 18. yüzyılda arkeolojik alanların kazılmaya başlanması ve deniz aşırı seyahatlerin yapılması “başka” mimarlıkların farkına varılmasını sağlar. Ancak bu türden karşılaşmalar Antikite üzerine inşa edilen mimarlık bilgi alanının temellerini sarsar. Bu mimarlıkların belgelenmesi, durmadan çoğalan bilgi üretimini ve daha önce tartışılmamış pek çok konuyu kurumsal/kuramsal alanlarda da gündeme taşır. Verimli sayılabilecek hararetli tartışmalar yapılsa da bu karşılaşmalar kaçınılmaz olarak mimarlıkta paradokslar üreterek mevcut alışkanlıkları ve geleneksel söylemleri krize uğratır. Bu çalışma mimarlık içinde zaman-mekân paradoksu üretmiş ve bu nedenle anti-Aydınlanma olarak ifade edilebilecek durumlara neden olan örnekler etrafında şekillenir. Bu metinde yer alacak örnekler Alexander Pope, manzara bahçeleri ve folly özelinde bir tartışma yürütür. Sözkonusu örnekler Aydınlanma ideolojisi ile tutarlı bir alan olarak inşa edilmeye çalışılan mimarlığı, bütünüyle sterilize etmek için mimarlık tarihyazımında çok kısıtlı bir çerçevede konuşulmasına neden olur. Sözgelimi bu çalışmanın kuramsal altlığını oluşturan ve 18. yüzyıl mimarlık tarihyazımı içinde önemli bir yere sahip Pitoresk meselesi üzerine sayısız metin üretilmiş olsa da içindeki paradoksal durumlarla ilgili anlamlı tartışmalara pek rastlanmaz. Bu durum tesadüfi olmayacak biçimde mimarlığı belirli kurallar bütününün oluşturduğu bir alanda sınırlı bir bakışla görmeye neden olur. Oysa bu durumların da epistemolojisini anlamaya çalışmak, mimarlığı başka türlü konuşabilmenin yollarını aramak için oldukça önemlidir.

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Cite This Article

Işıker, F. (2023). Anti-Enlightenment: Architecture and Picturesque in the 18th Century. İDEALKENT, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 40, 272–306. https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1263742

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