Journals / History Studies / 2013 / Cilt: 5 - Sayı: 2

From anglo-persian oil company to British petroleum (bp): britain’s oil adventure in Iran

Anglo-persian oil company’den british petroleum’a (bp): İngiltere’nin İran’daki petrol macerası

Pages
57–77
Publication Date
2022-10-18
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In 1955 the name was changed to The British Petroleum Company.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This article examines the oil exploration activities of Anglo-Persian Oil Company in Iran and the reflections of this enterprise on regional politics.
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Key Findings & Data:From the second half of the 19th century to the present, oil politics has dominated world politics.
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Conclusion & Impact:In 1955 the name was changed to The British Petroleum Company.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

This article examines the oil exploration activities of Anglo-Persian Oil Company in Iran and the reflections of this enterprise on regional politics. From the second half of the 19th century to the present, oil politics has dominated world politics. After the establishment of the first oil refinery in Scotland in 1840, the Western powers realized that oil could be used in many areas; therefore they turned their attention to oil resources in various parts of the world. For this reason, the Middle East, which owned around 80 per cent of the world's readily-accessible reserves, became a battleground of the great powers. Britain was the leading country in this struggle. In 1901, William Knox D'Arcy, an English millionaire, got a concession for oil exploration in Iran for 60 years. According to the agreement the Iranian government was to receive only 16 per cent of the oil company's annual profits while the D’Arcy Group collected the remaining 84 per cent. Iran's share reached to 20 per cent in 1933. The treaty between Iran and D'Arcy launched Britain’s grip on Iran's oil which lasted approximately 70 years. The first oil reserve in Iran was found in Masjid-i-Suleiman in 1908. Subsequently, Anglo-Persian Oil Company was established. In 1955 the name was changed to The British Petroleum Company.

Özet

Bu çalışmada İngiliz-İran Petrol Şirketi’nin İran’daki petrol arama faaliyetleri, bu faaliyetlerin İran ve bölge siyasetindeki yansımaları ele alınmıştır. Petrol, 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından günümüze kadar dünya siyasetini belirleyen en önemli unsurlardan biri olmuştur. 1840’da ilk petrol rafinerisinin İskoçya’da kurulmasından sonra bunun birçok alanda kullanılabileceğini fark eden batılı devletler teknolojik yeterliklerini sağladıktan sonra dünyanın çeşitli yerlerindeki petrol kaynaklarına yönelmişlerdir. Bu nedenle dünya petrollerinin kolay ulaşılabilir rezervlerinin yüzde 80’inin bulunduğu Ortadoğu kısa sürede büyük güçlerin mücadele alanı haline gelmiştir. Bu mücadelede ilk harekete geçen devletlerden biri de İngiltere olmuştur. 1901 yılında İngiliz milyoner William Knox D'Arcy 60 yıllığına İran topraklarında petrol arama imtiyazı almıştır. İki taraf arasında yapılan antlaşma gereği çıkarılacak petrolün yüzde 16’lık hissesi İran Devleti’ne yüzde 84’lük kısmı ise şirkete ait olacaktı. Bu antlaşma ile yaklaşık 70 yıl sürecek olan İngiltere’nin İran petrolleri üzerindeki hâkimiyeti de başladı. Yapılan çalışmalar neticesinde 1908’de Mescid-i Süleyman şehrinde ilk petrol bulunmuştur. Hemen akabinde Anglo-Persian Oil Company (İngiliz-İran Petrol Şirketi) kuruldu. 1914’te şirketin yüzde 52’lik hissesi bizzat İngiliz hükümeti tarafından satın alındı. 1955’te şirketin adı The British Petroleum Company olarak değiştirildi. Şirketin İran’daki faaliyetleri 1979 Devrimi’ne kadar devam etmiştir.

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Cite This Article

BOLAT, G. (2022). From anglo-persian oil company to British petroleum (bp): britain’s oil adventure in Iran. History Studies, Cilt: 5 - Sayı: 2, 57–77. https://ajindex.com/articles/537269

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