Journals / History Studies / 2021 / Cilt: 13 - Sayı: 6

Western Powers’ Soviet Policy Starting from Kronstadt to Nep

KRONSTADT'TAN NEP'E UZANAN SÜREÇTE BATILI GÜÇLERİN SOVYET POLİTİKASI

Pages
1951–1966
Publication Date
2022-10-18
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Based on the claim that Kronstadt was instrumentalized by Western powers in their Soviet policy, it was concluded that the decision to switch to the NEP was a milestone in West's Kronstadt po

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:In March 1921, sailors, who had been saluted by Trotsky as “the pride and glory of the revolution”, committed to an uprising against the Bolshevik administration with the slogan “Free Soviets” in Kronstadt –a place 20 miles west of Petrograd and used as the main base of the Baltic Fleet.
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Key Findings & Data:Keeping the spirit of revolt constantly alive since 1905, the Kronstadt sailors targeted the strengthening bureaucratic despotism and “war communism”, which was put into practice during the Civil War and caused devastating consequences for the society.
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Conclusion & Impact:Based on the claim that Kronstadt was instrumentalized by Western powers in their Soviet policy, it was concluded that the decision to switch to the NEP was a milestone in West's Kronstadt po
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

In March 1921, sailors, who had been saluted by Trotsky as “the pride and glory of the revolution”, committed to an uprising against the Bolshevik administration with the slogan “Free Soviets” in Kronstadt –a place 20 miles west of Petrograd and used as the main base of the Baltic Fleet. Keeping the spirit of revolt constantly alive since 1905, the Kronstadt sailors targeted the strengthening bureaucratic despotism and “war communism”, which was put into practice during the Civil War and caused devastating consequences for the society. Thus, they tried to transform the Bolshevik revolution they once supported in 1917. Although the rebels suppressed by the Soviet administration could not achieve these goals, they precipitated the transition to the New Economic Policy (NEP-Novaya Ekonomicheskaya Politika), which ended the "war communism" policy and paved the way for commercial and economic relations with the Western world. This new policy, which came along with the uprising and was far from meeting the demands of the Kronstadt sailors, facilitated the recognition of the Soviet administration by the Western world. The main purpose of this article is to examine Western world’s stance on Kronstadt Uprising, which had been shaped by the economic, political and social conditions in the country, by focusing on English, the United States and French administrations. The fact that the Kronstadt Uprising accelerated the transition to the NEP for the benefit of the Western bourgeoisie, in a way different from what was intended, was decisive in determining this goal. Based on the claim that Kronstadt was instrumentalized by Western powers in their Soviet policy, it was concluded that the decision to switch to the NEP was a milestone in West's Kronstadt po

Özet

1921 Mart’ında Petrograd'ın 20 mil batısında bulunan ve Baltık Donanması'nın ana üssü olarak kullanılan Kronstadt'ta, Troçki tarafından "devrimin gururu ve şerefi" olarak adlandırılan denizciler, Bolşevik yönetime karşı "Özgür Sovyetler" sloganı ile ayaklandılar. 1905'ten itibaren isyan ruhunu sürekli canlı tutan Kronstadt denizcileri, İç Savaş sürecinde uygulamaya geçirilen ve toplum üzerinde yıkıcı sonuçlar doğuran "savaş komünizmi" politikası ile, giderek kendisini daha fazla hissettiren bürokratik despotizmi hedef alarak, 1917'de destek verdikleri Bolşevik yönetimini dönüştürmeye çalıştılar. Sovyet yönetimi tarafından bastırılan isyancılar, bu amaçlarına ulaşamasalar da, “savaş komünizmi” politikasını sonlandıran ve Batı dünyası ile ticari ve ekonomik ilişkilerin önünü açan Yeni Ekonomi Politikası’na (NEP- Novaya Ekonomiçeskaya Politika) geçişi hızlandırdılar. İsyanla birlikte gelen ve Kronstadt denizcilerinin taleplerini karşılamaktan uzak olan bu yeni politika, Sovyet yönetiminin Batı dünyası tarafından tanınmasını kolaylaştırdı. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, ülke içindeki ekonomik, siyasal ve toplumsal koşullar sonucunda şekillenen Kronstadt İsyanı’na İngiltere, ABD ve Fransa yönetimleri özelinde Batı dünyasının yaklaşımını incelemektir. Bu amacın saptanmasında, Kronstadt İsyanı’nın amaçlanandan farklı ve Batı burjuvazisinin faydasına olacak biçimde NEP’e geçişi hızlandırmış olması belirleyici olmuştur. Kronstadt’ın Batılı güçler tarafından Sovyet politikasında araçsallaştırıldığı iddiasına dayanan çalışmada, NEP’e geçiş kararının Batı’nın Kronstadt politikasında bir dönüm noktası olduğu sonucuna varıl

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Cite This Article

Yapıcı, M. İ. (2022). Western Powers’ Soviet Policy Starting from Kronstadt to Nep. History Studies, Cilt: 13 - Sayı: 6, 1951–1966. https://ajindex.com/articles/536622

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