Journals / Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi / 2005 / Cilt: 6 - Sayı: 2

Pregnancy and hereditary thrombophilia

Gebelik ve kalıtsal trombofili

Pages
43–50
Publication Date
2022-10-10
DOI
—
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Thromboprophylaxis with LMWH should be done during the pregnancy and the first six weeks following labor thereafter.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Pregnancy-related venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the risk factors that increase maternal mortality and morbidity.Acquired and congenital thrombophilic risk factors were detected in 2/3 and 30-50%of women with VTE related pregnancy, respectively.
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Key Findings & Data:The most common causes of pregnancy related VTE are factor-V Leiden (FV-L), prothrombin G20210A and methylenetetrahyrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene mutations.
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Conclusion & Impact:Thromboprophylaxis with LMWH should be done during the pregnancy and the first six weeks following labor thereafter.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Pregnancy-related venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the risk factors that increase maternal mortality and morbidity.Acquired and congenital thrombophilic risk factors were detected in 2/3 and 30-50%of women with VTE related pregnancy, respectively. The most common causes of pregnancy related VTE are factor-V Leiden (FV-L), prothrombin G20210A and methylenetetrahyrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene mutations. In pregnant women with hereditary thrombophilia, both VTE and adverse pregnancy outcomes including pregnancy loss, placental abruption and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) canbe seen. Screening tests for hereditary thrombophilia should be done in VTE related to pregnancy or puerperium, recurrent pregnancy loss in the first and second trimester and intrauterine fetal death. Additionally, these screening tests should also be recommended in pregnancy related complications such as severe preeclampsia, IUGR and placental abruption. These tests should be done especially after three months of pregnancy.Both low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and unfractionated heparin are the choice of treatment in pregnancy-related VTE. These heparins do not penetrate placenta, so they are safe. Recurrence of VTE in pregnancy is 1-13%. The pregnant women who have antithrombin deficiency and history of VTE with all types of congenital thrombophilia are accepted to be in high-risk group and aggressive thromboprophylaxis should be done in these subjects. Pregnant women who had no history of VTE with heterozygote proteinC deficiency and homozygote FV-L and prothrombin gene mutations and combined thrombophilia excluding antithrombin deficiency are in moderate group and thromboprophylaxis should also be done. Heterozygote protein S deficiency, FV-L, prothrombin gene mutations are in low-risk for VTE, so that thromboprophylaxis should not be recommended. However, thromboprophylaxis should be performed in severe preeclampsia, recurrent pregnancy loss, intrauterine fetal death and IUGR and also air travels more than four hours. Thromboprophylaxis with LMWH should be done during the pregnancy and the first six weeks following labor thereafter.

Özet

Gebelikte ortaya çıkan venöz tromboembolizm (VTE) maternal mortalite ve morbiditeyi arttıran en önemli faktörlerden birisidir. Gebelikle ilişkili VTE geçiren kadınların 2/3'ünde edinsel ve %30-50'sinde kalıtsal trombofilik risk faktörü saptanmıştır. Gebelikte kalıtsal olarak ortaya çıkan en sık kalıtsal trombofili nedenleri faktör-VLeiden (FV-L), protrombin G20210Ave metilentetrahidrofolat redüktaz gen mutasyonlarıdır. Kalıtsal trombofilili gebelerde VTE yanı sıra plasental vasküler zedelenme, infarktüs ve fibrinoid nekroz nedeniyle ablatio plasenta, yineleyen gebelik kayıpları, intrauterin fetal ölümler, intrauterin fetal gelişme gerilikleri(İUFGG) ve preeklampsi görülmektedir. Gebelikte kalıtsal trombofili tarama testleri gebelik ya da puerperium ile ilişkili VTE, birinci, ikinci trimestirde ortaya çıkan yineleyen gebelik kaybı ve intrauterin fetal ölüm olgularında gereklidir. Ancak şiddetli preeklampsi, İUFGG, ablatio placenta gibi gebelik komplikasyonlarında da önerilebilir. Bu testler özellikle doğumdan 3 ay sonra yapılmalıdır.Gebelikte ortaya çıkan akut VTE tedavisinde unfraksiyone heparin (UFH) ya da düşük molekül ağırlıklı heparinler (DMAH) kullanılmalıdır. Her iki heparin de plasentaya geçmediği için gebelikte güvenlidir. En az UFH kadar etkili olan DMAH'in biyoyararlılığı daha fazla ve yan etkileri daha azdır.Gebelikte VTE rekürrensi %1-13 arasındadır.Antitrombin eksikliği ve VTE öyküsü olan tüm kalıtsal trombofilili gebeler yüksek riskte kabul edilmekte ve agressif olarak antikoagulan proflaksisi önerilmektedir. VTE öyküsü olmayan heterozigot Protein C eksikliği, homozigot FV-L ve protrombin gen mutasyonlu ve AT eksikliği dışındaki kombine trombofilili gebeler ise orta risk gurubunda olup tromboproflaksi yapılmalıdır. Heterozigot PS eksikliği, FV-L, protrombin gen mutasyonları bulunan gebeler ise düşük risk altında olup tromboproflaksi önerilmemektedir.Ancak tromboz için ek bir risk faktörü bulunan, yineleyen bebek kaybı, intrauterin fetal ölüm, şiddetli preeklampsi, İUFGG gibi komplikasyon gelişen, dört saatten uzun sürecek uçak yolculuğuna çıkacak kalıtsal trombofilili gebelerde de tromboproflaksi yapılmalıdır. Tromboproflaksi DMAH ile gebelik boyunca ve doğumdan sonraki ilk altı hafta süresince uygulanmalıdır.

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Cite This Article

KAFKAS, S., KADIKÖYLÜ, G. (2022). Pregnancy and hereditary thrombophilia. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 6 - Sayı: 2, 43–50. https://ajindex.com/articles/429065

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