Journals / Güncel Retina Dergisi / 2021 / Cilt: 5 - Sayı: 3

Mitochondrial Diseases Associated with Retinopathy

Retinopati ile Birklikte Olan Mitokondriyal Hastalıklar

Pages
256–270
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Although treatments are mostly symptomatic, antioxidant treatments continue to be developed and gene therapy is promising for new cases.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Mitochondria are organelles that meet the energy needs of the cell through the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation system.
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Key Findings & Data:Its functions are regulated by double genomes, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA.
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Conclusion & Impact:Although treatments are mostly symptomatic, antioxidant treatments continue to be developed and gene therapy is promising for new cases.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Mitochondria are organelles that meet the energy needs of the cell through the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation system. Its functions are regulated by double genomes, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Mutations that can occur in both genomes cause mitochondrial diseases, a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous diseases. The entire ocular system, from the eyelids, to the extraocular muscles, to the retina, such as the central nervous system, skeleton and cardiac muscles, needs high oxidative phosphorylation. Common ophthalmic symptoms of mitochondrial dysfunction include optic atrophy, pigmenter retinopathy, cataracts, sudden vision loss, external ophthalmoplegia. Pigmenter retininopathy is the most common nonspecific retinal pathology and threatens vision. The emergence of the same mutation with different phenotypes in different individuals and tissues affects the clinical appearance of retinal pathologies. Different dystrophies can be observed, ranging from mild retinal pigment epithelial changes to salt pepper retinopathy, from circumferential perifoveal atrophy to reasonable pattern dystrophy. Diagnosis of all mitochondrial diseases requires detailed systemic screening. It is important to recognize and diagnose the ophthalmological signs of mitochondrial disorders as early as possible. Although treatments are mostly symptomatic, antioxidant treatments continue to be developed and gene therapy is promising for new cases.

Özet

Mitokondriler, elektron transport zinciri ve oksidatif fosforilasyon sistemi vasıtasıyla hücrenin enerji ihtiyacını karşılayanorganellerdir. Fonksiyonları nükleer ve mitokondriyal DNA olmak üzere çift genom tarafından düzenlenir. Her iki genomdaoluşabilecek mutasyonlar klinik ve genetik olarak heterojen bir hastalık grubu olan mitokondriyal hastalıklara neden olur.Merkezi sinir sistemi, iskelet ve kardiyak kasları gibi göz kapaklarından ekstraoküler kaslara, retinaya kadar tüm oküler sistem yüksek oksidatif fosforilasyona ihtiyaç duymaktadır.Mitokondriyal disfonksiyonun yaygın oftalmik belirtileri arasında optik atrofi, pigmenter retinopati, katarakt, ani görmekaybı, eksternal oftalmopleji görülmektedir. Pigmenter retininopati en sık görülen nonspesifik retina patolojisidir ve görmeyi tehdit etmektedir. Aynı mutasyonun farklı bireylerde ve dokularda farklı fenotipler ile ortaya çıkması retina patolojilerinin klinik görünümünüde etkilemektedir. Hafif retinal pigment epitel değişimlerinden, tuz biber retinopatisine, çevreselperifovelar atrofiden makuler patern distrofisine kadar farklı distrofiler gözlenebilir. Tüm mitokondriyal hastalıkların teşhisidetaylı bir sistemik taramayı gerektirir. Mitokondriyal bozuklukların oftalmolojik belirtilerini mümkün olduğunca erkentanımak ve teşhis etmek önemlidir. Tedaviler daha çok semptomatik olmakla birlikte özellikle antioksidan tedaviler geliştirilmeye devam etmekte ve gen tedavisi yeni olgular için umut vaat etmektedir.

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Cite This Article

IRGAT, S. G., ÖZCURA, F. (2021). Mitochondrial Diseases Associated with Retinopathy. Güncel Retina Dergisi, Cilt: 5 - Sayı: 3, 256–270. https://ajindex.com/articles/347946

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