SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Dergisi / 2024 / Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

THE EFFECT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS ON EMPLOYMENT AND HUMAN RESOURCES IN TURKEY

TÜRKİYE'DE DOĞRUDAN YABANCI SERMAYE YATIRIMLARININ İSTİHDAM VE İNSAN KAYNAKLARINA ETKİSİ

Fatma Özmen(SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-5079-5345
Yelda Tonga(Maliye Bakanlığı)0000-0002-7985-6025
Pages
84–100
Publication Date
2024-12-30
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

According to the empirical findings obtained from the analysis, there is cointegration between the variables in the long run, but a negative correlation persists between employment and FDI.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Globalization, especially since the 1980s, has become widespread worldwide, and foreign direct investments (FDI) have started to play a critical role in the growth and development of countries.
📊
Key Findings & Data:In particular, the essential investment elements for meeting the needs of developing countries—technological developments, capital returns, industrial sector development, consumption opportunities, and foreign trade deficit reduction—make significant contributions.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:According to the empirical findings obtained from the analysis, there is cointegration between the variables in the long run, but a negative correlation persists between employment and FDI.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2011 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım · İstihdam · Sanayi Üretim Endeksi

Abstract

Globalization, especially since the 1980s, has become widespread worldwide, and foreign direct investments (FDI) have started to play a critical role in the growth and development of countries. In particular, the essential investment elements for meeting the needs of developing countries—technological developments, capital returns, industrial sector development, consumption opportunities, and foreign trade deficit reduction—make significant contributions. Türkiye has supported foreign direct investments as a means of providing the external financing required for economic growth and development. The dimensions of these investments, seen as a crucial condition for the development process, are included in the scope of economic policies. If the relationship between these targeted indicators and direct investments is revealed, these targets can be better determined. This study used monthly data consisting of 151 observations from April 2011 to October 2023. The relationships between foreign direct investments coming to Türkiye, employment, and industrial production were tested. In the study, firstly, the ADF test was performed for stationarity analysis, then variables were analyzed with the ARDL bounds test. According to the empirical findings obtained from the analysis, there is cointegration between the variables in the long run, but a negative correlation persists between employment and FDI.

Özet

Küreselleşmenin etkisiyle özellikle 1980’li yıllardan itibaren dünya genelinde yaygınlaşan doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar (DYY), ülkelerin büyüme ve kalkınmasında kritik bir öneme sahip olmuştur. Özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerin ihtiyaç duydukları temel yatırım unsurları; teknolojik yenilikler, sermaye birikimi, sanayi açısından gelişmişlik, istihdam olanakları ve dış ticaret açığının azaltılmasında önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır. Türkiye, ekonomik açıdan büyüme ve kalkınma için gerekli olan dış finansman kaynaklarının tedarikinde doğrudan yabancı yatırımları desteklemiştir. Gelişme yolunda önemli bir koşul olarak görülen bu yatırımları arttırmak ekonomik politikaların hedefleri arasındadır. Bu amaçla seçilmiş göstergeler ile doğrudan yatırımlar arasındaki ilişki ortaya konulursa söz konusu hedefler daha iyi belirlenebilecektir. Bu çalışmada 2011:04 – 2023:10 dönemine ait 151 gözlemden oluşan aylık verilerden yararlanılmıştır. Türkiye’ye gelen doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar, istihdam ve sanayi üretim endeksi ilişkileri test edilmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle durağanlık analizi için ADF testi yapılmış akabinde ARDL sınır testi ile değişkenler analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen ampirik bulgulara göre değişkenler arasında uzun dönemde eşbütünleşme ilişkisi olduğu ancak istihdam ile DYY arasında negatif bir ilişkinin varlığını göstermektedir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Özmen, F., Tonga, Y. (2024). THE EFFECT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS ON EMPLOYMENT AND HUMAN RESOURCES IN TURKEY. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Dergisi, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 84–100. https://ajindex.com/articles/1630406

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (79)

  1. Adegboye, F. B., Ojo, J. A., & Ogunrinola, I. I. (2016). Foreign direct investment and industrial performance in Africa. The Social Sciences, 11(24), 5830-5837. https://doi.org/10.3923/sscience.2016.5830.5837
  2. Aluko, O. A., İbrahim, M., & Atagbuzia, M. O. (2021). On the causal nexus between FDI and globalization: Evidence from Africa. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 30(2), 203–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2020.1823460
  3. Apergis, N., Contantinos, K. P., & Tabakis, N. M. (2006). Dynamic linkages between FDI inflows and domestic investment: A panel cointegration approach. Atlantic Economic Journal, 34(4), 385-394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11293-006-9026-x
  4. Aren, S. (1992). İstihdam para ve iktisadi politika. Savaş Yayınları. Armstrong, M. (2006). Handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page.
  5. Ayten, E. C. (2021). Doğrudan yabancı yatırımların belirleyicilerine ilişkin ekonometrik bir analiz: Türkiye örneği. [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  6. Bahmani-Oskooee, M., & Raymond, C. W. (2002). Long-run demand for money in Hong Kong: An application of the ARDL model. International Journal of Business and Economics, 1(2), 147-155.
  7. Banerjee, A., Dolado, J., & Ricardo, M. (1998). Error‐correction mechanism tests for cointegration in a single‐equation framework. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 19(3), 267-283. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9892.00091
  8. Basılgan, M., & Akman, A. S. (2019). An empirical analysis on the impact of the foreign direct investments on export performance: Turkey case. International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies, 11(2), 89-105. https://doi.org/10.34109/ijefs.201911206
  9. Bayar, Y., & Özoğul, A. Ö. (2019). Doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının istihdam üzerindeki etkisi: Avrupa birliği geçiş ekonomileri örneği. Kamu-İş Dergisi, 14(4), 21-35.
  10. Bayraktaroğlu, S. (2017). Yeni kariyer yaklaşımı olarak bireysel ve kurumsal istihdam edilebilirlik kapasitesinin geliştirilmesi. Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(7), 1-12.
  11. Behar, A., & Mok, J. (2019). Does public-sector employment fully crowd out private-sector employment?. Review of Development Economics, 23(4), 1891-1925. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12613
  12. Benach, J., Gimeno, D., & Benavides, F. G. (2002). Types of employment and health in The European Union. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions.
  13. Bevan, A. A., & Estrin, S. (2004). The determinants of foreign direct investment into European transition economies. Journal of Comparative Economics, 32(4), 775–787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2004.08.006
  14. Blomström, M., Fors, G., & Lipsey, R. E. (1997). Foreign direct investment and employment: Home country experience in The United States and Sweden. NBER Working Papers, No: 6205.
  15. Bond, S., & Van Reenen, J. (2007). Microeconometric models of investment and employment. Handbook of econometrics, 6, 4417-4498. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-4412(07)06065-5
  16. Boxall, P. (1998). Achieving competitive advantage through human resource strategy: Towards a theory of industry dynamics. Human Resource Management Review, 8(3), 265–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(98)90005-5
  17. Bozdağlıoğlu, E. Y., & Özpınar, Ö. (2011). Türkiye'ye gelen doğrudan yabancı yatırımların ihracat performansına etkileri VAR yöntemi ile tahmini. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(3), 39-63.
  18. Breaugh, J. A. (2013). Employee recruitment. Annual Review of Psychology, 64(1), 389–416. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143757
  19. Candemir, A. (2009). Doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarını etkileyen faktörler. Ege Akademik Bakış, 9(2), 659-675.
  20. Cooke, F.L. (2014), Chinese multinational firms in Asia and Africa: Relationships with institutional actors and patterns of HRM practices. Human Resource Management, 53(6), 877-896. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21612
  21. Cunda, G. (2019). Doğrudan yabancı yatırımların Türkiye'nin ihracat ürün çeşitliliği üzerine etkisi [Doktora Tezi]. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi.
  22. Delery, J. E., & Roumpi, D. (2017). Strategic human resource management, human capital and competitive advantage: İs the field going in circles?. Human Resource Management Journal, 27(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12137
  23. Dessler, G. (2013). Human resource management. Pearson. Doğan, B., & Can, M. (2016). Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar istihdamı etkiliyor mu?: Türkiye örnekleminde ARDL sınır testi yaklaşımı. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 53(614), 9-20.
  24. Dorozynska, A., & Dorozynski, T. (2015). Human capital and FDI in central and eastern Europe. Managing Global Transitions, 13(2), 151-170.
  25. Duce, M., & España, B. D. (2003). Definitions of foreign direct investment (FDI): A methodological note. Banco de Espana, 6(2), 43-49.
  26. Faisal, M. D. (2016). Effect of competence, leadership and organizational culture toward organization commitment and performance of civil servants on the regional office of ministry of religious affairs in the province of the west sulawesi. Internal Communications & Organizational Behaviour eJournal, 7(14), 1-16.
  27. Fung, K.C. & Aminian, N. (2017). Silicon valley, France and China: A comparative study of ınnovation systems and policies. Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, 10(3), 194-214. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCEFTS-05-2016-0015
  28. Gammarano, R., (2019). Work and employment are not synonyms. ILOSTAT.
  29. Göçer, İ., & Peker, O. (2014). Doğrudan yabancı yatırımların istihdam üzerindeki etkisi: Türkiye, Çin ve Hindistan örneğinde çoklu yapısal kırılmalı eşbütünleşme analizi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 21(1), 107-123. https://doi.org/10.18657/yecbu.24019
  30. Göçer, İ., Bulut, Ş., & Dam, M. M. (2012). Doğrudan yabancı yatırımların Türkiye'nin ihracat performansına etkileri: ekonometrik bir analiz. İşletme ve Ekonomi Araştırma Dergisi, 3(2), 21- 40.
  31. Govil, M. (2013). Determinants of inward FDI in developing countries: Evidence from a time series data analysis. Anvesha, 6(4), 22-29.
  32. Gujarati, D. N. (2004). Basic econometric fourth edition. Mc Graw Hill.
  33. Hendry, C., & Pettigrew, A. (1986). The practice of strategic human resource management. Personnel Review, 15(5), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb055547
  34. Ichniowski, C., Shaw, K. L., & Prennushi, G. (1995). The effects of human resource management practices on productivity. Working Paper 5333, Columbia University. https://doi.org/10.3386/w5333
  35. ILO (2015). Decent work country diagnostics: Technical guidelines to draft the diagnostics report. Geneva: ILO.
  36. ILO (2023, October 11-20). Resolution to amend the 19th ICLS resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization. 21st International Conference of Labour Statisticians. Geneva.
  37. Jayaraman, T., & Singh, B. (2006). Impact of foreign direct investment on employment in pacific island countries: An emprical study of Fiji. Working Paper, No.2006/32. University of the South Pacific, USPSE.
  38. Jordan, V. (1935). What can goverment do to increase employment?. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 178(1), 134-141.
  39. Jude, C., & Silaghi, M. I. (2016). Employment effects of foreign direct investment: New evidence from central and eastern european countries. International Economics, 145(C), 32-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inteco.2015.02.003
  40. Karagöz, K. (2007). Bir sosyal politika aracı olarak istihdamın artırılmasında doğrudan yabancı yatırımların etkisi. İstanbul Journal of Sociological Studies, (36), 99-116.
  41. Khatri, N. (2000). Managing human resource for competitive advantage: A study of companies in Singapore. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11(2), 336–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/095851900339909
  42. Kurtaran, A. (2010). Doğrudan yabancı yatırım kararları ve belirleyicileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(2), 367-382.
  43. Lal, D. (1975). Appraising foreign investment in developing countries. Heinemann.
  44. Li, X., & Liu, X. (2004). Foreign direct investment and economic growth: An increasingly endogenous relationship. World Development, 33(3), 393-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.11.001
  45. Lipsey, R. E., Feenstra, R. C., Hahn, C. H., & Hatsopoulos, G. N. (1999). The role of foreign direct investment in international capital flows. In M. Feldstein (Eds.), International capital flows (pp. 307-362). University of Chicago Press.
  46. MacDuffie, J. P. (1995). Human resource bundles and manufacturing performance: Organizational logic and flexible production systems in the world auto industry. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 48(2), 197-221. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979399504800201
  47. Makas, R. (2003). İş güvencesinin muhtemel ekonomik ve sosyal etkileri. Öneri Dergisi, 5(19), 101-107. https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.682628
  48. Malepati, V. & Gowri, C.M. (2018). Preface. In V. Malepati & C. Gowri (Eds.), Foreign direct investments (FDIS) and opportunities for developing economies in the world market (pp. 1-24). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3026-8.ch001
  49. Marelli, E., Resmini, L., & Signorelli, M. (2014). The effects of inward FDI on regional employment in Europe. Romanian Journal of Regional Science, 8(1), 1-23.
  50. Mariotti, S., Mutinelli, M., & Piscitello, L. (2003). Home country employment and foreign direct investment: evidence from the Italian case. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 27(3), 419-431. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/27.3.419
  51. Miyamoto, K. (2003). Human capital formation and foreign direct investment in developing countries. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Paper, (211).
  52. Nwaso, P. (2018). Foreign direct investment in nigeria: Its role and importance in industrial sector growth. Acta Universitatis Danubius. OEconomica, 14(2), 41-52.
  53. OECD. (2024). Employment outlook 2023: Artificial intelligence and the labour Market. OECD Publishing.
  54. Okafor, E. E. (2012). Emerging nonstandard employment relations and implications for human resource management functions in Nigeria. African Journal of Business Management, 6(26), 7612-7621. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.2731
  55. Oliver, C. (1993). Organizational boundaries: Definitions, functions, and properties. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 10(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-4490.1993.tb00010.x
  56. Osabohien, R., Awolola, O., Matthew, O., & Itua, O. E. (2020). Foreign direct investment inflow and employment in Nigeria. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 17(1), 77-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.17(1).2020.07
  57. Paul, J., & Singh, G. (2017). The 45 years of foreign direct investment research: Approaches, advances and analytical areas. The World Economy, 40(11), 2512-2527. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12502
  58. Pesaran, H. M., & Pesaran, B. (1997). Working with Microfit 4.0: Interactive econometric analysis. Oxford University Press.
  59. Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (1999). An autoregressive distributed lag modelling approach to cointegration analysis. Cambride University Press, 371-413. https://doi.org/10.1017/CCOL521633230.011
  60. Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationship. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.616
  61. Pfeffer, J. (1994). Competitive advantage through people: Unleashing the power of the work force. Harvard Business Scholl Press.
  62. Pinn, S. L., Kok, C. S., Kogid, M., Mulok, D., Mansur, K., & Loganathan, N. (2011). Empirical analysis of employment and foreign direct investment in Malaysia: An ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration. Advances in Management & Applied Economics, 1(3), 77-91.
  63. Polat, C., & Avşar, R. (2015). Yoğun rekabet ortamında pazarlama stratejileri: Deterjan sektöründe bir örnek olay çalışması. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 61(4), 203-242.
  64. Radosevic, S., Varblane, U., & Mickiewicz, T. (2003). Foreign direct investment and its effect on employment in Central Europe. Transnational Corporations, 12(1), 53-90.
  65. Razafimahefa, I., Hamori, S. (2007). FDI Competitiveness In: International competitiveness in Africa. Advanced studies in theoretical and applied econometrics, 43. Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-68921-4_6
  66. Rizvi, S. Z., & Nishat, M. (2009). The impact of foreign direct investment on employment opportunities: Panel data analysis: Empirical evidence from Pakistan, India and China. The Pakistan Development Review, 48(4), 841- 851. https://doi.org/10.30541/v48i4IIpp.841-851
  67. Şahin, H. (1987). Türkiye’de istihdam sorununun nedenleri ve çözüm yolları. İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Dergisi, 43, 335-345. Saray, M. O. (2011). Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar-istihdam ilişkisi: Türkiye örneği. Maliye Dergisi, 161(2), 381-403.
  68. Satoğlu, E. B., & Gümüş, O. (2023). Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve toplam faktör verimliliği: Gelişmekte olan ülkeler örneği. Optimum Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 10(1), 225-244.
  69. Schoukens, P., & Barrio, A. (2017). The changing concept of work: When does typical work become atypical? European Labour Law Journal, 8(4), 306-332. https://doi.org/10.1177/2031952517743871
  70. Seyidoğlu, H. (1999). Uluslararası iktisat: Teori, politika ve uygulama. Kurtiş Matbaa.
  71. Şimşek, M., & Kadılar, C. (2004). Türkiye'nin ithalat talebi fonksiyonunun sınır testi yaklaşımı ile eşbütünleşme analizi: 1970-2002. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 5(1), 27-34.
  72. Singer, H. W. (1975). Employment problems in developing countries. In The strategy of international development: Essays in the economics of backwardness (133-144). Palgrave Macmillan UK.
  73. Sınmaz, D. (2012). Türkiye'ye ve Çin'e yapılan doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve istihdama etkileri [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Galatasaray Üniversitesi.
  74. Stigler, G. J. (1947). Trends in employment. Trends in Output and Employment, 32-41.
  75. Uğur, B., & Çetin, R. (2022). Doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişlerinin istihdam üzerine etkisi: G-20 örneği. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (72), 109-123. https://doi.org/10.51290/dpusbe.1023560
  76. Ulrich, D. (1997). Measuring human resources: An overview of practice and a prescription for results. Human Resource Management: Published in Cooperation with the School of Business Administration, The University of Michigan and in alliance with the Society of Human Resources Management, 36(3), 303-320. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-050X(199723)36:3 3.0.CO;2-%23
  77. Wang, M. (2002). Manufacturing FDI and economic growth: Evidence from Asian economies department of economics. Department of Economics, University of Oregon Mimeo.
  78. Whitley, R. (2010). Changing Competition Models in Market Economies, in G. Morgan, J. Campbell, C. Crouch, O.K. Pederson and R. Whitley (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Institutional Analysis, Oxford University Press.
  79. Wood, G., Mazouz, K., Yin, S., & Cheah, J. E. T. (2014). Foreign direct investment from emerging markets to Africa: The HRM context. Human Resource Management, 53(1), 179-201. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21550