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Journals / Bölgesel Kalkınma Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 04 Sayı: 01

ELECTRICITY EFFICIENCY AND REGIONAL INEQUALITIES: AN ANALYSIS OF TÜRKİYE NUTS-2 REGIONS

TÜRKİYE İBBS DÜZEY-2 BÖLGELER ELEKTRİK VERİMLİLİĞİ ANALİZİ VE BÖLGESEL FARKLARIN İNCELENMESİ

Behiye Ayşe Gonca Özkaya(Orta Anadolu Kalkınma Ajansı)0000-0002-2696-2940
Pages
1–33
Publication Date
2026-04-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

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⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Empirical findings indicate that regional disparities in electricity efficiency have gradually increased over time.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study examines regional disparities in electricity efficiency across 26 NUTS-2 subregions of Türkiye for the period 2010–2021.
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Key Findings & Data:Empirical findings indicate that regional disparities in electricity efficiency have gradually increased over time.
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Conclusion & Impact:The findings highlight the necessity of energy policies that promote regional balance, sustainable growth, and technology-driven efficiency improvements, particularly in low-performing regions.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2010–2021 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Elektrik verimliliği · Gini katsayısı · Theil indeksi

Abstract

This study examines regional disparities in electricity efficiency across 26 NUTS-2 subregions of Türkiye for the period 2010–2021. The main objective is to identify the magnitude and evolution of regional electricity efficiency inequalities and to analyze their socioeconomic determinants. Electricity efficiency indicators were calculated using regional Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and electricity consumption data. To measure interregional disparities, inequality metrics such as the Gini coefficient, Mean Log Deviation (MLD), and Theil index were employed, capturing different aspects of distributional inequality. In addition, a panel data model was estimated to explore the factors influencing electricity intensity, focusing on population density and the shares of the industrial, agricultural, and service sectors in regional GDP. Empirical findings indicate that regional disparities in electricity efficiency have gradually increased over time. Western regions such as Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir exhibit relatively higher efficiency, whereas several eastern and southeastern regions remain below the national average. The panel regression results reveal that the shares of industry and agriculture significantly increase electricity intensity, while the effect of the service sector is relatively limited. Population density also exerts a positive impact, reflecting the influence of urbanization and growing consumption. Overall, the study demonstrates that regional energy efficiency differences in Türkiye are closely linked to structural and sectoral patterns of the economy. The findings highlight the necessity of energy policies that promote regional balance, sustainable growth, and technology-driven efficiency improvements, particularly in low-performing regions.

Özet

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin İBBS Düzey-2 kapsamındaki 26 alt bölgesinde elektrik verimliliği farklılıklarını 2010–2021 dönemi için incelemektedir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, bölgesel düzeyde elektrik verimliliği eşitsizliklerinin boyutunu ve zaman içindeki değişimini ortaya koymak ve bu farklılıkların sosyoekonomik belirleyicilerini analiz etmektir. Elektrik verimliliği göstergeleri, Gayri Safi Yurt İçi Hasıla (GSYH) ile elektrik tüketimi verilerinden hareketle hesaplanmıştır. Bölgesel farklılıkların ölçümünde Gini katsayısı, Ortalama Logaritmik Sapma (MLD) ve Theil indeksi kullanılarak eşitsizliklerin dağılımın farklı kesimlerine yansıyan yönleri değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, panel veri analizi aracılığıyla elektrik yoğunluğunu etkileyen faktörler incelenmiş; nüfus yoğunluğu, sanayi, tarım ve hizmet sektörlerinin GSYH içindeki paylarının elektrik verimliliği üzerindeki etkileri test edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, Türkiye’de elektrik verimliliği eşitsizliklerinin zamanla arttığını ve batı bölgelerinde daha yüksek, doğu bölgelerinde ise görece düşük seviyelerde seyrettiğini göstermektedir. Panel veri sonuçlarına göre sanayi ve tarım sektörlerinin payı elektrik yoğunluğunu anlamlı biçimde artırmakta; hizmet sektörünün etkisi sınırlı kalmaktadır. Bu durum, sanayi ve tarımın enerji-yoğun karakteriyle ilişkilidir. Nüfus yoğunluğu da elektrik talebini artırıcı yönde etkide bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, çalışmanın bulguları enerji politikalarının yalnızca arz güvenliği değil, aynı zamanda bölgesel eşitlik ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma perspektifinden ele alınması gerektiğini göstermektedir. Elde edilen veriler, bölgesel enerji verimliliği farklılıklarının azaltılmasına ve kaynakların daha dengeli kullanılmasına yönelik politika önerileri geliştirilmesi açısından önemli katkılar sunmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Özkaya, B. A. G. (2026). ELECTRICITY EFFICIENCY AND REGIONAL INEQUALITIES: AN ANALYSIS OF TÜRKİYE NUTS-2 REGIONS. Bölgesel Kalkınma Dergisi, Cilt: 04 Sayı: 01, 1–33. https://doi.org/10.61138/bolgeselkalkinmadergisi.1681724

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