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Journals / 21. Yüzyılda Fen ve Teknik / 2026 / Cilt: 13

Blockchain in Healthcare Data Management: A Comprehensive Review of Security, Interoperability and Implementation Challenges

Sağlık Veri Yönetiminde Blockchain: Güvenlik, Birlikte Çalışabilirlik ve Uygulama Zorluklarına İlişkin Kapsamlı Bir Derleme

Umut Saray(SİVAS CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ŞARKIŞLA UYGULAMALI BİLİMLER YÜKSEKOKULU)0000-0003-3339-6876
Yalçın Kaplan(SAHİL GÜVENLİK KOMUTANLIĞI ARAŞTIRMA VE GELİŞTİRME DAİRE BAŞKANLIĞI)0000-0002-3414-1771
Pages
25–40
Publication Date
2026-09-26
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The findings indicate that blockchain can improve auditability, access accountability, and data provenance while also supporting interoperability through shared verification mechanisms.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This narrative review examines the role of blockchain technology in healthcare data management, with a particular focus on data security, interoperability, and implementation challenges.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The review synthesizes recent literature published between 2022 and 2026 and evaluates how blockchain-based approaches contribute to electronic health record management, patient consent governance, healthcare supply chains, clinical trial traceability, and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) security.
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Conclusion & Impact:The findings indicate that blockchain can improve auditability, access accountability, and data provenance while also supporting interoperability through shared verification mechanisms.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:2022 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Sağlık Veri Yönetimi · Veri Güvenliği · Elektronik Sağlık Kayıtları

Abstract

This narrative review examines the role of blockchain technology in healthcare data management, with a particular focus on data security, interoperability, and implementation challenges. The increasing digitization of healthcare systems has intensified concerns regarding unauthorized data access, fragmented electronic health records, and inefficient cross-institutional data exchange. In response to these challenges, blockchain has emerged as a decentralized and tamper-evident framework that may support more secure and transparent healthcare information management. The review synthesizes recent literature published between 2022 and 2026 and evaluates how blockchain-based approaches contribute to electronic health record management, patient consent governance, healthcare supply chains, clinical trial traceability, and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) security. A structured literature search was conducted using PubMed and OpenAlex databases. Following retrieval, deduplication, and eligibility screening procedures, 60 relevant studies were included in the final review. The findings indicate that blockchain can improve auditability, access accountability, and data provenance while also supporting interoperability through shared verification mechanisms. However, the reviewed literature also highlights important challenges related to scalability, governance complexity, regulatory uncertainty, integration burden, and dependence on off-chain storage systems. In addition, practical implementation remains constrained by interoperability standards, identity management requirements, and compatibility with existing clinical workflows. Overall, the findings suggest that blockchain should not be viewed as a standalone solution, but rather as a supporting coordination layer that can contribute to secure and interoperable healthcare ecosystems when integrated with complementary technologies and appropriate governance frameworks. This review contributes to current literature by presenting a thematic overview of blockchain functions, implementation trade-offs, and operational limitations in contemporary healthcare data management systems.

Özet

Bu çalışma, blockchain teknolojisinin sağlık veri yönetimindeki rolünü; özellikle veri güvenliği, birlikte çalışabilirlik ve uygulama zorlukları açısından incelemektedir. Sağlık sistemlerinin giderek dijitalleşmesi, yetkisiz veri erişimi, parçalanmış elektronik sağlık kayıtları ve kurumlar arası verimsiz veri paylaşımı gibi endişeleri artırmıştır. Bu sorunlara yanıt olarak blockchain, daha güvenli ve şeffaf sağlık bilgi yönetimini destekleyebilecek merkeziyetsiz ve değiştirilmeye karşı dayanıklı bir yapı olarak öne çıkmıştır. Bu derleme, 2022–2026 yılları arasında yayımlanan güncel literatürü sentezlemekte ve blockchain tabanlı yaklaşımların elektronik sağlık kayıtları yönetimi, hasta onam yönetimi, sağlık tedarik zincirleri, klinik araştırma izlenebilirliği ve Nesnelerin Tıbbi İnterneti (IoMT) güvenliği alanlarına katkılarını değerlendirmektedir. Yapılandırılmış literatür taraması PubMed ve OpenAlex veri tabanları kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen çalışmalar yinelenen kayıtların çıkarılması ve uygunluk değerlendirme süreçlerinden geçirildikten sonra, nihai derlemeye 60 ilgili çalışma dahil edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, blockchain denetlenebilirliği, erişim hesap verebilirliğini ve veri kökeninin izlenebilirliğini geliştirebildiğini, ayrıca ortak doğrulama mekanizmaları aracılığıyla birlikte çalışabilirliği destekleyebildiğini göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, incelenen literatür; ölçeklenebilirlik, yönetişim karmaşıklığı, düzenleyici belirsizlikler, entegrasyon yükü ve zincir dışı depolama sistemlerine bağımlılık gibi önemli zorlukları da ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca pratik uygulamaların; birlikte çalışabilirlik standartları, kimlik yönetimi gereksinimleri ve mevcut klinik iş akışlarıyla uyumluluk gibi faktörler nedeniyle sınırlı kaldığı görülmektedir. Genel olarak bulgular, blockchain tek başına bir çözüm olarak değerlendirilmemesi gerektiğini; aksine uygun yönetişim çerçeveleri ve tamamlayıcı teknolojilerle entegre edildiğinde güvenli ve birlikte çalışabilir sağlık ekosistemlerine katkı sağlayabilecek destekleyici bir koordinasyon katmanı olarak görülmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir. Bu derleme, çağdaş sağlık veri yönetim sistemlerinde blockchain işlevleri, uygulama ödünleşimleri ve operasyonel sınırlılıklarına ilişkin tematik bir bakış sunarak mevcut literatüre katkıda bulunmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Saray, U., Kaplan, Y. (2026). Blockchain in Healthcare Data Management: A Comprehensive Review of Security, Interoperability and Implementation Challenges. 21. Yüzyılda Fen ve Teknik, Cilt: 13, 25–40. https://ajindex.com/articles/1628555

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