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Journals / Türk Diş Hekimliği Araştırma Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Effect of Thermal Cycling on Surface Roughness and Color Stability of 3D-Printed, CAD/ CAM, and Heat-Polymerized Acrylic Denture Materials: An In Vitro Study

3D Baskı, CAD/CAM ve Isıyla Polimerize Akrilik Protez Materyallerinin Yüzey Pürüzlülüğü ve Renk Stabilitesi Üzerine Termal Döngünün Etkisi: Bir İn Vitro Çalışma

Lana Alatrash(GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0002-8794-5722
Gülfem Ergün(GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0001-9981-5522
Pages
102–112
Publication Date
2026-05-12
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Material selection is therefore essential for maintaining long-term surface integrity and esthetic durability.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of thermal cycling on the surface roughness (Ra) and color stability (ΔE00) of three types of denture base materials: CAD/CAMmilled, 3D-printed, and heat-polymerized acrylic resins.
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Key Findings & Data:Material and Method: Seventy-two specimens were fabricated from three denture base materials (n=24 each).
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Conclusion & Impact:Material selection is therefore essential for maintaining long-term surface integrity and esthetic durability.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Protez kaide materyalleri · CAD/CAM akrilik · 3D baskılı akrilik

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of thermal cycling on the surface roughness (Ra) and color stability (ΔE00) of three types of denture base materials: CAD/CAMmilled, 3D-printed, and heat-polymerized acrylic resins. Material and Method: Seventy-two specimens were fabricated from three denture base materials (n=24 each). Each group was divided into thermally cycled (TC+) and non-cycled control subgroups (TC−) (n=12 each). Surface roughness (Ra) and color change (ΔE00) were measured before and after thermal cycling or control storage. Surface roughness data met normality assumptions and were analyzed using paired t-tests and one-way ANOVA. ΔE00 values were non-normally distributed and analyzed using Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests. The significance level was set at p 0.05). Betweenmaterial comparisons revealed that 3D-printed specimens had significantly higher Ra and ΔE00 values at both time points compared with CAD/CAM and heat-polymerized groups. No significant differences were observed between CAD/CAM and heat-polymerized PMMA. Conclusion: Thermal cycling did not significantly affect color stability but increased surface roughness in 3D-printed denture base materials. Material selection is therefore essential for maintaining long-term surface integrity and esthetic durability.

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışma, üç farklı protez kaide materyalinin CAD/CAM ile frezelenmiş, 3D baskı ile üretilmiş ve ısıyla polimerize edilmiş akrilik rezinlerin yüzey pürüzlülüğü (Ra) ve renk stabilitesi (ΔE00) üzerine termal döngünün etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Toplam 72 örnek, üç protez kaide materyalinden (her biri için n=24) hazırlanmıştır. Her grup, termal döngü uygulanan (TC+) ve uygulanmayan kontrol alt gruplarına (TC−) ayrılmıştır (her alt grup için n=12). Yüzey pürüzlülüğü (Ra) ve renk değişimi (ΔE00), termal döngü veya kontrol koşullarından önce ve sonra ölçülmüştür. Yüzey pürüzlülüğü verileri normallik varsayımlarını karşılamış olup eşleştirilmiş t testi ve tek yönlü ANOVA ile analiz edilmiştir. ΔE00 değerleri normal dağılmadığından Mann–Whitney U ve Kruskal–Wallis testleri uygulanmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi p 0.05). Materyaller arası karşılaştırmada, 3D baskılı örnekler her iki zaman noktasında CAD/CAM ve ısıyla polimerize edilen gruplara kıyasla anlamlı derecede daha yüksek Ra ve ΔE00 değerlerine sahipti. CAD/CAM ve ısıyla polimerize PMMA arasında ise anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Sonuç: Termal döngü, renk stabilitesini anlamlı olarak etkilememiş, ancak 3D baskılı protez kaide materyallerinde yüzey pürüzlülüğünü artırmıştır. Bu nedenle, uzun dönem yüzey bütünlüğü ve estetik dayanıklılığın korunmasında materyal seçimi önem taşımaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Alatrash, L., Ergün, G. (2026). Effect of Thermal Cycling on Surface Roughness and Color Stability of 3D-Printed, CAD/ CAM, and Heat-Polymerized Acrylic Denture Materials: An In Vitro Study. Türk Diş Hekimliği Araştırma Dergisi, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 102–112. https://doi.org/10.58711/turkishjdentres.vi.1838152

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