SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Sosyal Sağlık Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

ADAPTATION OF THE PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT SCALE INTO TURKISH AND EXAMINING ITS METHODOLOGICAL SUITABILITY IN TURKISH OLDER ADULTS

ALGILANAN SOSYAL DESTEK ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN TÜRKÇE’YE UYARLANMASI VE TÜRK YAŞLI ERİŞKİNLERDE METODOLOJİK UYGUNLUĞUNUN İNCELENMESİ

Serap Bayram(DÜZCE ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-9969-4759
Elif Çolakça(DÜZCE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ)0009-0004-0889-8721
İrem Esra Derin(DÜZCE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ)0009-0007-4393-8495
Dilara Tavşan(DÜZCE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ)0009-0000-2485-1633
Gamze Demirci(DÜZCE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ)0009-0003-5919-6212
Sinem Yıldız(DÜZCE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ)0009-0004-2160-0184
Neşe Şen(DÜZCE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ)0009-0007-6331-0021
Züleyha Yağmur(DÜZCE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ)0009-0000-2156-0355
Gamze Geçal(DÜZCE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ)0009-0009-0785-2461
Gözde Ceylan(DÜZCE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ)0009-0005-9954-9099
Pages
33–47
Publication Date
2025-03-27
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

This study contributes to the cross-cultural adaptation of the PSSS and provides a valuable tool for researchers and practitioners working with older adults in Turkiye.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The aging population is a global phenomenon, and understanding the social support needs of older adults is crucial for their well-being.
📊
Key Findings & Data:A cross-sectional study was conducted with 341 older adults.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:This study contributes to the cross-cultural adaptation of the PSSS and provides a valuable tool for researchers and practitioners working with older adults in Turkiye.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Algılanan sosyal destek · yaşlı yetişkinler · kültürel uyum

Abstract

The aging population is a global phenomenon, and understanding the social support needs of older adults is crucial for their well-being. The Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) is a commonly used tool to assess social support, but its applicability to diverse cultural contexts, remains a question. This study aimed to adapt the PSSS into Turkish (TR-PSSS) and examine its psychometric properties among Turkish older adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 341 older adults. The PSSS was translated and culturally adapted. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Cronbach's alpha were used to assess the scale's factor structure and internal consistency. The TR-PSS demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0,95). EFA revealed a four-factor structure: emotional connection, practical support, spiritual support, and perceived reputation. These factors explained 69% of the total variance. The scale showed good convergent validity, with significant correlations among the subscales. The TR-PSSS is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring perceived social support among Turkish older adults. The findings highlight the importance of emotional connection, practical assistance, spiritual support, and perceived reputation in the social support experiences of Turkish older adults. This study contributes to the cross-cultural adaptation of the PSSS and provides a valuable tool for researchers and practitioners working with older adults in Turkiye.

Özet

Yaşlanan nüfus küresel bir olgudur ve yaşlı yetişkinlerin sosyal destek ihtiyaçlarını anlamak, onların refahı için çok önemlidir. Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği (ASDÖ), sosyal desteği değerlendirmek için yaygın olarak kullanılan bir araçtır; ancak çeşitli kültürel bağlamlara uygulanabilirliği bir soru işareti olarak kalmaktadır. Bu çalışma, ASDÖ'ni Türkçeye uyarlamayı (TR-ASDÖ) ve Türk yaşlı yetişkinler arasında psikometrik özelliklerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. 341 yaşlı yetişkinle kesitsel bir çalışma yürütülmüştür. ASDÖ çevrilmiş ve kültürel olarak uyarlanmıştır. Ölçeğin faktör yapısını ve iç tutarlılığını değerlendirmek için açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) ve Cronbach alfa kullanılmıştır. TR-ASDÖ mükemmel iç tutarlılık göstermiştir (Cronbach alfa = 0,95). AFA dört faktörlü bir yapı ortaya koymuştur: duygusal bağlantı, pratik destek, manevi destek ve algılanan itibar. Bu faktörler toplam varyansın %69'unu açıklamıştır. Ölçek, alt ölçekler arasında anlamlı korelasyonlar ile iyi yakınsak geçerlilik göstermiştir. TR-ASDÖ, Türk yaşlı yetişkinler arasında algılanan sosyal desteği ölçmek için güvenilir ve geçerli bir araçtır. Bulgular, Türk yaşlı yetişkinlerin sosyal destek deneyimlerinde duygusal bağın, pratik yardımın, manevi desteğin ve algılanan itibarın önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışma, ASDÖ'nin kültürler arası adaptasyonuna katkıda bulunmakta ve Türkiye'de yaşlı yetişkinlerle çalışan araştırmacılar ve uygulayıcılar için değerli bir araç sağlamaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Bayram, S., Çolakça, E., Derin, İ. E., Tavşan, D., Demirci, G., Yıldız, S., Şen, N., Yağmur, Z., Geçal, G., Ceylan, G. (2025). ADAPTATION OF THE PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT SCALE INTO TURKISH AND EXAMINING ITS METHODOLOGICAL SUITABILITY IN TURKISH OLDER ADULTS. Sosyal Sağlık Dergisi, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 33–47. https://doi.org/10.69514/sosyalsaglik.1603082

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (36)

  1. Ahmed, H.A.A.E.K., & Mohamed, B.E.S. (2022). Relationship between morality, happiness, and social support among elderly people. Middle East Current Psychiatry, 29(1), 31.
  2. Ahmed-Mohamed, K., Fernandez-Mayoralas, G., Rojo-Perez, F., Forjaz, M. J., Martinez-Martin, P., & Spanish Research Group on Quality of Life and Ageing. (2013). Perceived social support of older adults in Spain. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 8, 183-200.
  3. Becofsky, K.M., Shook, R.P., Sui, X., Wilcox, S., Lavie, C.J., & Blair, S.N. (2015). Influence of the source of social support and size of social network on all-cause mortality. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 90(7), 895-902.
  4. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Factor analysis: Basic concepts and using to development scale. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 32, 470-483.
  5. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2008). Handbook of data analyses for social sciences. Ankara: Pegem A Publishing. Cheng, C. (2017). Anticipated support from children and later-life health in the United States and China. Social Science & Medicine, 179, 201-209.
  6. Chen, T., Ding, Y., & Spagnoletti, P. (2012). The role of social support network in e-health services for elderly persons. In Proceedings of the IX conference of the Italian chapter of AIS.
  7. Cyranowski, J. M., Zill, N., Bode, R., Butt, Z., Kelly, M. A., Pilkonis, P. A.,. & Cella, D. (2013). Assessing social support, companionship, and distress: National Institute of Health (NIH) Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales. Health Psychology, 32(3), 293-301.
  8. Çakır, G., & Yaman, Ö.M. (2021). Yaşlılara evde bakım veren aile üyelerinin yaşadıkları zorluklar ve etkileyen unsurlar. Tıbbi Sosyal Hizmet Dergisi, 18, 104-124.
  9. Eker, D., & Arkar, H. (1995). Perceived social support: psychometric properties of the MSPSS in normal and pathological groups in a developing country. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 30, 121-126.
  10. Eker, D., Arkar, H., & Yaldız, H. (2001). Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği’nin Gözden Geçirilmiş Formunun Faktör Yapısı, Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12(1), 17-25.
  11. Farokhnezhad Afshar, P., Foroughan, M., Vedadhir, A., & Ghazi Tabatabaie, M. (2017). Psychometric properties of the Persian version of Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale in community-dwelling older adults. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 12, 579-584.
  12. Fiori, K. L., & Denckla, C. A. (2012). Social support and mental health in middle-aged men and women: a multidimensional approach. Journal of Aging and Health, 24(3), 407-438.
  13. Galvin, J. E., Roe, C. M., Powlishta, K. K., Coats, M. A., Muich, S. J., Grant, E., Miller, J. P., Storandt, M., & Morris, J. C. (2005). The AD8: a brief informant interview to detect dementia. Neurology, 65(4), 559-564.
  14. Gottlieb, B. H., & Bergen, A. E. (2010). Social support concepts and measures. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 69(5), 511-520.
  15. Hosseinian, M., Adib-Hajbaghery, M., & Amirkhosravi, N. (2013). An evaluation of social support and its influencing factors in the elderly of Bandar Abbas in 2013-2014. Life Science Journal, 10(12s), 703-709.
  16. Karaman, H., Atar, B., & Çobanoğlu Aktan, D. (2017). The comparison of factor extraction methods used in exploratory factor analysis. Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty-GUJGEF, 37(3), 1173-1193.
  17. Kelly, M. E., Duff, H., Kelly, S., McHugh Power, J. E., Brennan, S., Lawlor, B. A., & Loughrey, D. G. (2017). The impact of social activities, social networks, social support and social relationships on the cognitive functioning of healthy older adults: a systematic review. Systematic Reviews, 6, 1-18.
  18. Li, C., Jiang, S., Li, N., & Zhang, Q. (2018). Influence of social participation on life satisfaction and depression among Chinese elderly: Social support as a mediator. Journal of Community Psychology, 46(3), 345-355.
  19. Lubben, J., Blozik, E., Gillmann, G., Iliffe, S., von Renteln Kruse, W., Beck, J. C., & Stuck, A. E. (2006). Performance of an abbreviated version of the Lubben Social Network Scale among three European community-dwelling older adult populations. The Gerontologist, 46(4), 503-513.
  20. Moatamedy, A., Borjali, A., & Sadeqpur, M. (2018). Prediction of psychological well-being of the elderly based on the power of stress management and social support. Iranian Journal of Ageing, 13(1), 98-109.
  21. Mohd, T. A. M. T., Yunus, R. M., Hairi, F., Hairi, N. N., & Choo, W. Y. (2019). Social support and depression among community dwelling older adults in Asia: a systematic review. BMJ Open, 9(7), e026667.
  22. Nazari, S., Afshar, P. F., Sadeghmoghadam, L., Shabestari, A. N., & Farhadi, A. (2020). Developing the perceived social support scale for older adults: A mixed-method study. AIMS Public Health, 7(1), 66.
  23. Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2006). Essentials of nursing research: Methods, appraisal, and utilization. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  24. Rahmadeni, A. S., Hayat, N., Alba, A. D., Badri, I. A., & Fadhila, F. (2020). The relationship of family social support with depression levels of elderly in 2019. International Journal of Health and Medical Sciences, 3(1), 111-116.
  25. Rezaee, N., & Ghajeh, M. (2009). Social Support among Nurses at Iran University of Medical Sciences. Hayat, 14(3/4), 91-100.
  26. Rodrigues, M. M. S., Gierveld, J. D. J., & Buz, J. (2012). Loneliness and the exchange of social support among older adults in Spain and the Netherlands. Ageing & Society, 34(2), 330-354.
  27. Shin, H., & Park, C. (2023). Gender differences in social networks and physical and mental health: are social relationships more health protective in women than in men?. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1216032.
  28. Şahin, D.S., Özer, Ö., & Yanardağ, M. Z. (2019). Perceived social support, quality of life and satisfaction with life in elderly people. Educational Gerontology, 45(1), 69-77.
  29. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK, 2023a). Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-Kayit-Sistemi-Sonuclari-2023-49684 Erişim tarihi: 22.02.2024.
  30. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK, 2023b). İstatistiklerle Yaşlılar 2023. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Yaslilar-2023-53710#:~:text=T%C3%9C%C4%B0K%20Kurumsal&text=Ya%C5%9Fl%C4%B1%20n%C3%BCfus%20olarak%20kabul%20edilen,10%2C2'ye%20y%C3%BCkseldi. Erişim tarihi: 27.03.2024.
  31. United Nations (2019). Department of economic and social affairs, population division. World population ageing 2019: Highlights 2019 (ST/ESA/SERA/430). New York.
  32. Usarel, C., Dokuzlar, O., Aydin, A. E., Soysal, P., & Isik, A. T. (2019). The AD8 (Dementia Screening Interview) is a valid and reliable screening scale not only for dementia but also for mild cognitive impairment in the Turkish geriatric outpatients. International Psychogeriatrics, 31(2), 223-229.
  33. Vilar-Compte, M., Giraldo-Rodríguez, L., Ochoa-Laginas, A., & Gaitan-Rossi, P. (2018). Association between depression and elder abuse and the mediation of social support: a cross-sectional study of elder females in Mexico City. Journal of Aging and Health, 30(4), 559-583.
  34. Zanjari, N., Momtaz, Y. A., Kamal, S. H. M., Basakha, M., & Ahmadi, S. (2022). The influence of providing and receiving social support on older adults' well-being. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health, 18, e174501792112241
  35. Zimet, G. D., Powell, S. S., Farley, G. K., Werkman, S., & Berkoff, K. A. (1990). Psychometric characteristics of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55(3-4), 610-617.
  36. Cyranowski, J. M., Zill, N., Bode, R., Butt, Z., Kelly, M. A., Pilkonis, P. A.,. & Cella, D. (2013). Assessing social support, companionship, and distress: National Institute of Health (NIH) Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales. Health Psychology, 32(3), 293-301.