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Children’s Vulnerability in the Digital World: A Scoping Review on Digital Addiction and Online Abuse Risks

Çocukların Dijital Dünyada Kırılganlığı: Dijital Bağımlılık ve Çevrim İçi İstismar Riskleri Üzerine Bir Kapsam Derlemesi

Gökhan Yanar(Samsun Şehir Hastanesi)0000-0002-8299-8630
Feyza Özler Ervüz(TOKAT GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, PAZAR MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU, SOSYAL HİZMET VE DANIŞMANLIK BÖLÜMÜ)0000-0002-8459-674X
Pages
123–142
Publication Date
2026-06-15
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Findings indicate that early and intensive exposure to digital technologies may support children’s learning and social connectedness; however, in the absence of adequate supervision, it becomes a significant risk domain that undermines psychosocial well-being.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This scoping review examines the increasing vulnerability of children in digital environments through the lens of social work, focusing on digital addiction/problematic use and online abuse/sexual exploitation risks.
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Key Findings & Data:A systematic search was conducted across Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and TR Dizin for studies published between 2000 and 2025.
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Conclusion & Impact:Findings indicate that early and intensive exposure to digital technologies may support children’s learning and social connectedness; however, in the absence of adequate supervision, it becomes a significant risk domain that undermines psychosocial well-being.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:2000 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Dijital bağımlılık · Çevrim içi çocuk istismarı · Sosyal hizmet

Abstract

This scoping review examines the increasing vulnerability of children in digital environments through the lens of social work, focusing on digital addiction/problematic use and online abuse/sexual exploitation risks. A systematic search was conducted across Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and TR Dizin for studies published between 2000 and 2025. Following the PRISMA-ScR framework, a total of 70 studies were included in the analysis. Findings indicate that early and intensive exposure to digital technologies may support children’s learning and social connectedness; however, in the absence of adequate supervision, it becomes a significant risk domain that undermines psychosocial well-being. The literature demonstrates that digital addiction cannot be explained solely by screen time, but rather reflects a multidimensional pattern associated with family functioning, school climate, social support, self-esteem, and structural inequalities. Online child abuse is shown to develop through grooming processes, offender strategies, and anonymous digital networks, often becoming more invisible and complex, particularly during periods of increased digital dependency. The study further highlights that these two risk domains are not independent; instead, problematic digital use may intensify vulnerability to online exploitation, creating a reinforcing cycle of risk. In conclusion, the findings emphasize that social work interventions should be structured within a holistic framework that includes child empowerment, digital literacy, parental guidance, school social work practices, and multi-stakeholder policy development.

Özet

Bu derleme çalışma, çocukların dijital dünyada artan kırılganlığını dijital bağımlılık/sorunlu kullanım ve çevrim içi istismar-cinsel sömürü riskleri ekseninde sosyal hizmet perspektifiyle incelemektedir. Çalışma kapsamında 2000–2025 yılları arasında Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar ve TR Dizin veri tabanlarında tarama yapılmış; PRISMA-ScR çerçevesine uygun olarak yürütülen süreç sonucunda 70 çalışma analiz kapsamına dahil edilmiştir. Dijital teknolojilerin erken yaşlara inmesi, çocukların öğrenme ve sosyal bağ kurma süreçlerine katkı sunabilmekle birlikte; denetimsiz ve yoğun kullanım durumunda psikososyal uyumu zayıflatan bir risk alanına dönüşmektedir. Literatür, dijital bağımlılığın yalnızca ekran süresiyle açıklanamayacağını; aile işleyişi, okul iklimi, sosyal destek, benlik saygısı ve yapısal eşitsizliklerle ilişkili çok katmanlı bir örüntü sergilediğini göstermektedir. Çevrim içi çocuk istismarı ise grooming süreçleri, fail stratejileri ve anonim dijital ağlar üzerinden daha görünmez biçimde gelişmekte; özellikle teknolojik erişimin arttığı dönemlerde belirgin biçimde artış gösterebilmektedir. Çalışma, dijital bağımlılık ve çevrim içi istismar risklerinin birbirinden bağımsız olmadığını; aksine birbirini besleyen kesişimsel bir risk alanı oluşturduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bağlamda dijital bağımlılık örüntülerinin, çevrim içi istismara maruz kalma riskini artıran yapısal ve bireysel kırılganlıkları güçlendirdiği vurgulanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak sosyal hizmet müdahalelerinin; çocuk güçlendirme, dijital okuryazarlık, ebeveyn rehberliği, okul sosyal hizmeti ve çok paydaşlı politika düzenlemeleriyle bütüncül biçimde yapılandırılması önerilmektedir.

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Cite This Article

Yanar, G., Ervüz, F. Ö. (2026). Children’s Vulnerability in the Digital World: A Scoping Review on Digital Addiction and Online Abuse Risks. Sosyal Sağlık Dergisi, Sayı: 2026, 123–142. https://doi.org/10.69514/sosyalsaglik.1907876

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