Journals / Egzersiz ve Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

The Psychological and Performance-Related Effects of Olfactory Perception: A Structured Narrative Analysis

Koku Algısının Psikolojik ve Performansla İlişkili Etkileri: Yapılandırılmış Bir Anlatı İncelemesi

Pages
39–50
Publication Date
2026-06-30
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In conclusion, olfactory stimulation appears to be a promising approach for regulating psychological states and may have emerging ergogenic implications in performance settings.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Olfaction is closely associated with emotion regulation, stress responsiveness, and cognitive processes through its direct neural connections with the limbic system and orbitofrontal cortex.
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Key Findings & Data:Increasing evidence over the past decade has suggested that olfactory stimuli may exert modulatory effects not only on psychological states but also on physical performance outcomes.
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Conclusion & Impact:In conclusion, olfactory stimulation appears to be a promising approach for regulating psychological states and may have emerging ergogenic implications in performance settings.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:2015 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Anaerobik Performans · Aromaterapi · Bilişsel Performans

Abstract

Olfaction is closely associated with emotion regulation, stress responsiveness, and cognitive processes through its direct neural connections with the limbic system and orbitofrontal cortex. Increasing evidence over the past decade has suggested that olfactory stimuli may exert modulatory effects not only on psychological states but also on physical performance outcomes. The aim of this structured narrative review was to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the psychological and performance-related effects of olfactory stimuli in humans based on studies published between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2025. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using various combinations of the keywords “olfaction,” “aromatherapy,” “emotion regulation,” “stress,” “cognition,” “exercise performance,” and “anaerobic performance.” Experimental, clinical, and observational studies involving human participants were included in the review. The findings were synthesized under two primary themes: psychological effects and performance-related effects. Current evidence indicates that pleasant olfactory stimuli may reduce anxiety and stress levels, enhance positive affect, and improve certain aspects of cognitive performance under specific conditions. Findings related to exercise performance are more heterogeneous; however, several studies suggest that particular odors may influence perceived exertion, motivation, arousal levels, and short-duration high-intensity exercise outcomes, including indicators of anaerobic performance. Nevertheless, differences in odor type, concentration, exposure duration, participant characteristics, and methodological quality limit the generalizability of the available findings. In conclusion, olfactory stimulation appears to be a promising approach for regulating psychological states and may have emerging ergogenic implications in performance settings. Future research should focus on protocol standardization, the use of objective physiological biomarkers, and rigorous experimental designs to further clarify the underlying mechanisms and practical applications of olfactory interventions in both clinical and performance contexts.

Özet

Koku algısı, limbik sistem ve orbitofrontal korteks aracılığıyla duygu düzenleme, stres yanıtı ve bilişsel süreçlerle yakından ilişkilidir. Son yıllarda artan sayıda çalışma, olfaktör uyaranların yalnızca psikolojik durum üzerinde değil, aynı zamanda fiziksel performans çıktıları üzerinde de potansiyel modülatör etkiler gösterebileceğini ileri sürmektedir. Bu yapılandırılmış anlatı incelemesinin amacı, 1 Ocak 2015 ile 31 Aralık 2025 tarihleri arasında yayımlanan çalışmalar doğrultusunda koku algısının psikolojik (duygu durumu, anksiyete, stres, bilişsel performans) ve performansla ilişkili (özellikle anaerobik ve kısa süreli yüksek şiddetli egzersiz) etkilerini bütüncül bir çerçevede değerlendirmektir. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science ve Google Scholar veri tabanlarında “olfaction”, “aromatherapy”, “emotion regulation”, “stress”, “cognition”, “exercise performance” ve “anaerobic performance” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak literatür taraması gerçekleştirilmiştir. İnsan katılımcılar üzerinde yürütülen deneysel, klinik ve gözlemsel çalışmalar incelemeye dahil edilmiştir. Bulgular tematik olarak psikolojik etkiler ve performansla ilişkili etkiler başlıkları altında sentezlenmiştir. Mevcut kanıtlar, hoş olarak algılanan kokuların anksiyete ve stres düzeylerini azaltabildiğini, pozitif duygulanımı artırabildiğini ve bazı durumlarda bilişsel performansı iyileştirebildiğini göstermektedir. Performans literatürü ise daha heterojen olmakla birlikte, belirli kokuların uyarılma düzeyini modüle ederek algılanan efor, motivasyon ve kısa süreli yüksek yoğunluklu egzersiz performansı üzerinde etkili olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Bununla birlikte, maruziyet süresi, koku yoğunluğu, bireysel farklılıklar ve çalışma tasarımlarındaki heterojenlik sonuçların genellenebilirliğini sınırlamaktadır. Sonuç olarak, olfaktör uyaranlar psikolojik durumun düzenlenmesinde potansiyel bir araç olarak görünmekte; performans bağlamında ise umut verici ancak henüz standartlaştırılmamış bir ergogenik yaklaşım alanı oluşturmaktadır. Gelecekteki çalışmaların protokol standardizasyonuna ve mekanistik biyolojik belirteçlere odaklanması önerilmektedir.

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Cite This Article

Hamarat, D., Eken, Ö. (2026). The Psychological and Performance-Related Effects of Olfactory Perception: A Structured Narrative Analysis. Egzersiz ve Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 39–50. https://ajindex.com/articles/1613294

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