Journals / Düşünce Dünyasında Türkiz / 2026 / Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1

Nation-Building and Foreign Policy: The Complex Dynamics of Kazakhstan-Russia Relations Since Independence

Ulus İnşası ve Dış Politika: Bağımsızlıktan Bu Yana Kazakistan-Rusya İlişkilerinin Karmaşık Dinamikleri

Levent Duman(ADANA ALPARSLAN TÜRKEŞ BİLİM VE TEKNOLOJİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-3975-6668
Sharifa Giritlioglu(HOCA AHMET YESEVİ ULUSLARARASI TÜRK-KAZAK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-4135-4094
Mehmet Emin Erendor(Adana Alparslan Türkeş Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi)0000-0002-8467-0743
Pages
89–122
Publication Date
2026-06-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Findings reveal a gradual de-Russification trend, particularly in language and historical narratives.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Since gaining independence in 1991, Kazakhstan has navigated a delicate nation-building process, balancing the assertion of Kazakh national identity with the need to maintain ethnic cohesion in a multiethnic society.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Given Moscow’s historical use of cultural and ethnic ties as geopolitical tools, understanding Kazakhstan’s strategic approach is essential.
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Conclusion & Impact:Findings reveal a gradual de-Russification trend, particularly in language and historical narratives.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Kazakistan · Rusya · Ulus İnşası

Abstract

Since gaining independence in 1991, Kazakhstan has navigated a delicate nation-building process, balancing the assertion of Kazakh national identity with the need to maintain ethnic cohesion in a multiethnic society. Simultaneously, the country has sought to preserve strong diplomatic and economic ties with Russia, its most influential neighbour and former colonial power. This study examines the intersection of Kazakhstan’s nation-building policies and its foreign policy toward Russia, focusing on demographic shifts, language reforms, and geopolitical pressures. While much research has explored Kazakhstan’s domestic identity policies, limited attention has been given to their impact on foreign relations, particularly in managing Russian influence. Given Moscow’s historical use of cultural and ethnic ties as geopolitical tools, understanding Kazakhstan’s strategic approach is essential. This study integrates nation-building theory with foreign policy analysis to assess how Kazakhstan consolidates its national identity while maintaining diplomatic stability. Findings reveal a gradual de-Russification trend, particularly in language and historical narratives. However, economic dependencies and geopolitical constraints have compelled Kazakhstan to adopt a cautious, incremental approach, avoiding confrontation with Russia. The study provides insights into how post-Soviet states manage national identity under external pressures, offering broader implications for small-state diplomacy in contested geopolitical spaces.

Özet

1991’de bağımsızlığını kazandıktan sonra, Kazakistan, çok etnikli bir toplumda etnik uyumu koruma gerekliliği ile Kazak ulusal kimliğinin vurgulanması arasında hassas bir denge kurarak bir ulus inşa etme sürecini yürütmüştür. Aynı zamanda, ülke, en etkili komşusu ve eski sömürgeci güç olan Rusya ile güçlü diplomatik ve ekonomik ilişkilerini sürdürmeye çalışmıştır. Bu çalışma, Kazakistan’ın ulus inşa politikaları ile Rusya’ya yönelik dış politikası arasındaki kesişimi; demografik değişimler, dil reformları ve jeopolitik baskılar bağlamında incelemektedir. Kazakistan’ın iç kimlik politikaları üzerine çok sayıda araştırma yapılmış olmasına rağmen, bu politikaların dış ilişkiler üzerindeki etkisi, özellikle Rus etkisinin yönetimi bağlamında, sınırlı şekilde ele alınmıştır. Moskova’nın tarihsel olarak kültürel ve etnik bağları jeopolitik araçlar olarak kullanması göz önüne alındığında, Kazakistan’ın stratejik yaklaşımını anlamak kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışma, ulus inşa teorisi ile dış politika analizini birleştirerek, Kazakistan’ın ulusal kimliğini pekiştirirken diplomatik istikrarı nasıl sürdürdüğünü değerlendirmektedir. Bulgular, özellikle dil ve tarih anlatıları bağlamında kademeli bir Rus etkisinden uzaklaşma (de-Ruslaşma) eğilimini ortaya koymaktadır. Ancak ekonomik bağımlılıklar ve jeopolitik kısıtlamalar, Kazakistan’ı Rusya ile çatışmaya girmeden temkinli ve kademeli bir yaklaşım benimsemeye zorlamıştır. Çalışma, Sovyet sonrası devletlerin dış baskılar altında ulusal kimliği nasıl yönettiklerine dair önemli bilgiler sunmakta ve küçük devlet diplomasisinin tartışmalı jeopolitik alanlardaki genel uygulamaları için daha geniş çıkarımlar sağlamaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Duman, L., Giritlioglu, S., Erendor, M. E. (2026). Nation-Building and Foreign Policy: The Complex Dynamics of Kazakhstan-Russia Relations Since Independence. Düşünce Dünyasında Türkiz, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 89–122. https://doi.org/10.59281/turkiz.1903795

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