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Journals / Turkish Journal of Forest Science / 2026 / Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Hybrid bermudagrass response to fall-applied trinexapac-ethyl and cool-season turfgrass overseeding

Serin iklim çimleri ile üst ekim ve sonbahar trinexapac-ethyl uygulamalarinin hibrit bermudagrass üzerine etkisi

Bahar Sancar(Düzce Üniversitesi)0000-0002-3687-1495
Hüseyin Polat(AKDENIZ UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE, HORTICULTURAL CROPS PR.)0009-0003-4159-6840
Batuhan Kaymak(AKDENIZ UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE, HORTICULTURAL CROPS PR.)0009-0008-7516-5148
Ahmet Karaçan(AKDENIZ UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE, HORTICULTURAL CROPS PR.)0000-0002-3304-7791
Songül Sever Mutlu(AKDENIZ UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE, HORTICULTURAL CROPS PR.)0000-0002-7886-1594
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-08-14
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Results indicated that all overseeded plots exhibited significantly higher turf quality, NDVI, relative chlorophyll content and green cover compared with non-overseeded control plots.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis) is a perennial warm-season (C4) turfgrass that enters winter dormancy, resulting in loss of green color and reduced visual quality.
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Key Findings & Data:Maintaining acceptable turf performance during this period remains a major management challenge under Mediterranean climatic conditions.
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Conclusion & Impact:Results indicated that all overseeded plots exhibited significantly higher turf quality, NDVI, relative chlorophyll content and green cover compared with non-overseeded control plots.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2023 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Hibrit bermuda çimi · Lolium perenne L. · üst ekim

Abstract

Hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis) is a perennial warm-season (C4) turfgrass that enters winter dormancy, resulting in loss of green color and reduced visual quality. Maintaining acceptable turf performance during this period remains a major management challenge under Mediterranean climatic conditions. This study evaluated the effectiveness of overseeding hybrid bermudagrass with selected cool-season (C3) turfgrass species and cultivars, in combination with trinexapac-ethyl (TE) application, to sustain turf quality, photosynthetic activity, and surface greenness during winter dormancy and the subsequent spring transition. Field experiments were conducted from October 2023 to May 2024 at Akdeniz University using five cool-season cultivars belonging to Lolium perenne L., Poa pratensis L. and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. under TE-treated and non-treated conditions. Turfgrass quality, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), relative chlorophyll content and percentage of green turf cover were evaluated throughout the winter and spring periods. Results indicated that all overseeded plots exhibited significantly higher turf quality, NDVI, relative chlorophyll content and green cover compared with non-overseeded control plots. Significant differences were observed among species and cultivars, with L. perenne ‘Peri’ consistently demonstrating superior performance across all measured parameters. While fall-applied TE had limited effects during winter, it enhanced the spring transition of hybrid bermudagrass. These findings demonstrate that species and cultivar selection play a critical role in overseeding success and that TE application can be strategically used to improve spring transition dynamics.

Özet

Hibrit bermuda çimi (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis), kış döneminde dormansiye giren çok yıllık, sıcak iklim (C4) çim türü olup bu süreçte yeşil rengini kaybetmekte ve görsel kalitesi azalmaktadır. Bu dönemde kabul edilebilir çim performansının sürdürülmesi, Akdeniz iklim koşulları altında önemli bir yönetim sorunu olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, hibrit bermuda çiminin seçilmiş serin iklim (C3) çim tür ve çeşitleri ile üst ekimi (overseeding) ile trinexapac-ethyl (TE) uygulamasının birlikte kullanımının, kış dormansisi süresince ve bunu izleyen ilkbahar geçiş döneminde çim kalitesi, fotosentetik aktivite ve yeşil rengin korunması üzerindeki etkinliği değerlendirilmiştir. Arazi denemeleri, Ekim 2023–Mayıs 2024 tarihleri arasında Akdeniz Üniversitesi’nde, Lolium perenne L., Poa pratensis L. ve Festuca arundinacea Schreb. türlerine ait beş serin iklim çeşidi kullanılarak, TE uygulanan ve uygulanmayan koşullar altında yürütülmüştür. Kış ve ilkbahar dönemleri boyunca çim kalitesi, normalize edilmiş fark bitki örtüsü indeksi (NDVI), relatif klorofil içeriği ve yeşil çim örtü oranı değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, üst ekim yapılan tüm parsellerin, üst ekim yapılmayan kontrol parsellerine kıyasla önemli derecede daha yüksek çim kalitesi, NDVI, relatif klorofil içeriği ve yeşil örtü oranı gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Türler ve çeşitler arasında önemli farklılıklar belirlenmiş olup, L. perenne ‘Peri’ çeşidi ölçülen tüm parametrelerde sürekli olarak üstün performans göstermiştir. Sonbaharda uygulanan TE’nin kış dönemi boyunca etkileri sınırlı kalırken, hibrit bermuda çiminin ilkbahar geçiş sürecini iyileştirdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgular, üst ekim başarısında tür ve çeşit seçiminin kritik bir rol oynadığını ve TE uygulamasının ilkbahar geçiş dinamiklerinin iyileştirilmesinde stratejik olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

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Cite This Article

Sancar, B., Polat, H., Kaymak, B., Karaçan, A., Mutlu, S. S. (2026). Hybrid bermudagrass response to fall-applied trinexapac-ethyl and cool-season turfgrass overseeding. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1880526

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