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Population-level variations in morphological and physical seed traits of Quercus cerris L. in Türkiye

Türkiye’de Quercus cerris L. tohumlarinin morfolojik ve fiziksel özelliklerinde populasyon düzeyinde varyasyonlar

Selin Sancı Bayrak(Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Samsun Orman Fidanlık Müdürlüğü)0000-0001-9978-8210
Fahrettin Atar(KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ORMAN FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0003-4594-8148
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-04-29
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

These findings indicate pronounced intraspecific morphological differentiation in Q. cerris and suggest that seed size constitutes a key component of population-level variability.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Oaks represent ecologically dominant and evolutionarily dynamic components of temperate forest ecosystems, yet intraspecific variation in reproductive traits remains insufficiently documented for many species.
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Key Findings & Data:A total of 500 sound seeds were measured for seed length (SL), seed width (SW), seed shape (SS), seed size (SSi), seed volume (V), thousand-seed weight (TSW), and seed moisture content (SMC).
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Conclusion & Impact:These findings indicate pronounced intraspecific morphological differentiation in Q. cerris and suggest that seed size constitutes a key component of population-level variability.
🔬Design:Lab & Field Experiment
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Saçlı meşe · palamut morfometrisi · tür içi varyasyon

Abstract

Oaks represent ecologically dominant and evolutionarily dynamic components of temperate forest ecosystems, yet intraspecific variation in reproductive traits remains insufficiently documented for many species. This study aimed to quantify and compare population-level variation in seed morphological and physical traits of Quercus cerris L. across different biogeographical regions of Türkiye. Mature seeds were collected from five natural populations located in the Black Sea (Samsun), Central Anatolia (Eskişehir), Aegean (Manisa and Afyonkarahisar), and Marmara (Balıkesir) regions. A total of 500 sound seeds were measured for seed length (SL), seed width (SW), seed shape (SS), seed size (SSi), seed volume (V), thousand-seed weight (TSW), and seed moisture content (SMC). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Duncan’s test, correlation analysis, hierarchical clustering, and principal component analysis (PCA). Significant differences among populations were detected for all investigated traits (p < 0.05). Size- and weight-related variables exhibited the strongest inter-population differentiation, whereas SMC showed comparatively lower variation. PCA revealed that the first two principal components explained 98.19% of the total variance, with the primary axis associated mainly with seed size and mass. Western populations (Manisa and Balıkesir) were characterized by larger and heavier seeds, while other populations showed comparatively smaller morphometric values. These findings indicate pronounced intraspecific morphological differentiation in Q. cerris and suggest that seed size constitutes a key component of population-level variability. The results provide a scientific basis for seed source selection, conservation planning, and adaptive forest management under heterogeneous environmental conditions.

Özet

Meşeler, ılıman orman ekosistemlerinin ekolojik olarak baskın ve evrimsel açıdan dinamik bileşenlerini temsil etmekle birlikte, birçok türde üreme özelliklerine ilişkin tür içi varyasyon yeterince belgelenmemiştir. Bu çalışma, Quercus cerris L. türünde farklı biyocoğrafik bölgelerdeki populasyonlar arasında tohum morfolojik ve fiziksel özelliklerindeki varyasyonu nicel olarak belirlemeyi ve karşılaştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Olgun tohumlar, Karadeniz (Samsun), İç Anadolu (Eskişehir), Ege (Manisa ve Afyonkarahisar) ve Marmara (Balıkesir) bölgelerinde yer alan beş doğal populasyondan toplanmıştır. Toplam 500 sağlam tohumda tohum boyu (SL), tohum eni (SW), tohum şekli (SS), tohum büyüklüğü (SSi), tohum hacmi (V), bin tane ağırlığı (TSW) ve tohum nem içeriği (SMC) ölçülmüştür. Veriler tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA), Duncan testi, korelasyon analizi, hiyerarşik kümeleme ve temel bileşenler analizi (PCA) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Tüm incelenen özellikler bakımından populasyonlar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar belirlenmiştir (p < 0,05). Boyut ve ağırlıkla ilişkili değişkenler (SL, SW, SSi, V ve TSW) populasyonlar arası en güçlü ayrışmayı gösterirken, SMC görece daha düşük varyasyon sergilemiştir. PCA sonuçları, ilk iki temel bileşenin toplam varyansın %98.19’unu açıkladığını ve birincil eksenin esas olarak tohum boyutu ve kütlesi ile ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Batı populasyonları (Manisa ve Balıkesir) daha büyük ve daha ağır tohumlarla karakterize edilirken, diğer populasyonlarda görece daha küçük morfometrik değerler saptanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, Q. cerris’te belirgin bir tür içi morfolojik farklılaşmaya işaret etmekte ve tohum boyutunun populasyon düzeyindeki varyabilitenin temel bir bileşeni olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuçlar, tohum kaynağı seçimi, genetik kaynakların korunması ve değişken çevresel koşullar altında uyumlu orman yönetimi uygulamaları için bilimsel bir temel sunmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Bayrak, S. S., Atar, F. (2026). Population-level variations in morphological and physical seed traits of Quercus cerris L. in Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1892423

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