Journals / Turkish Journal of Forest Science / 2026 / Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Environmental gradients shaping Mediterranean land cover patterns: A statistical and spatial analysis

Akdeniz arazi örtüsünü şekillendiren çevresel gradyenlerin istatistiksel ve mekânsal analizi

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Publication Date
2026-04-29
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

This detailed understanding of environmental preferences is crucial for effective ecological management, conservation strategies, and predicting ecosystem responses to environmental changes in the region.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study systematically investigated the environmental characteristics defining distinct land cover types across the Mediterranean region of Türkiye.
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Key Findings & Data:The study used 13,940 spatial units based on GIS layers, which included land cover from CORINE, as well as information about the landscape, like altitude, ruggedness, and slope.
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Conclusion & Impact:This detailed understanding of environmental preferences is crucial for effective ecological management, conservation strategies, and predicting ecosystem responses to environmental changes in the region.
🔬Design:Experimental Field Trial
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Akdeniz Bölgesi · arazi örtüsü · çevresel gradyanlar

Abstract

This study systematically investigated the environmental characteristics defining distinct land cover types across the Mediterranean region of Türkiye. The study used 13,940 spatial units based on GIS layers, which included land cover from CORINE, as well as information about the landscape, like altitude, ruggedness, and slope. It also considered climate factors such as precipitation, temperature, and seasonal variations. A comprehensive statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H-tests and pairwise Mann-Whitney U tests. Results revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in all environmental variables across land cover types. Altitude was the main differentiator, with sparsely vegetated areas and grasslands found at high elevations, contrasting with salt marshes located in low-lying, gentle regions. Climatically, salt marshes were characterized by the highest mean annual temperatures and precipitation, strong precipitation seasonality, and notably low thermal variability. Conversely, high-altitude grasslands and sparsely vegetated areas featured cooler climates and significantly greater temperature fluctuation. Isothermality, in contrast, exhibited minimal variation across the study sites, indicating its limited utility as a climate discriminator. These findings highlight transparent environmental partitioning, where a combination of topographic and climatic factors collectively shapes the unique ecological profiles of each land cover type. This detailed understanding of environmental preferences is crucial for effective ecological management, conservation strategies, and predicting ecosystem responses to environmental changes in the region.

Özet

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin Akdeniz Bölgesi'ndeki belirgin arazi örtüsü tiplerini tanımlayan çevresel karakteristikleri sistematik olarak incelemiştir. CORINE arazi örtüsü (land cover) ile çeşitli topografik (Yükselti, Engebelilik, Eğim) ve iklimsel (örn., Yağış, Sıcaklık, Mevsimsellik) parametreleri içeren CBS katmanlarından elde edilen 13.940 mekânsal birim kullanılarak, parametrik olmayan Kruskal-Wallis H-testleri ve ikili Mann-Whitney U testleri ile kapsamlı bir istatistiksel analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, arazi örtüsü tipleri arasında tüm çevresel değişkenlerde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar (p < 0.05) olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Yükselti, topoğrafya ve buna bağlı mikroiklimsel ve hidromorfolojik süreçlerle birlikte arazi örtüsü desenlerini güçlü biçimde ayrıştıran temel bir çevresel gradyen olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır; bu bağlamda seyrek bitkili alanlar ve doğal otlaklar yüksek ve engebeli alanlarda yayılım gösterirken, tuz bataklıkları (salt marshes) düşük eğimli ve deniz etkisine açık alçak kotlarda yoğunlaşmaktadır. İklimsel gradyenler açısından, tuz bataklıkları denizel etkinin baskın olduğu alanlar olarak yüksek ortalama sıcaklıklar, yüksek yıllık yağış ve belirgin yağış mevsimselliği sergilerken, termal değişkenliğin sınırlı kaldığı koşulları yansıtmaktadır. Buna karşılık, yüksek rakımlı otlaklar ve seyrek bitkili alanlar artan yükselti ve kıtasallığa bağlı olarak daha serin ve daha geniş sıcaklık paternlerine sahiptir. İzotermallik (Isothermality) daha az varyasyon göstermiş, bu da onun ikincil bir ayırt edici faktör olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Bu bulgular, topografik ve iklimsel faktörlerin birleşiminin her bir arazi örtüsü tipinin kendine özgü ekolojik profillerini kolektif olarak şekillendirdiği şeffaf bir çevresel bölümlenmeyi vurgulamaktadır. Bölgedeki farklı arazi örtüsü türlerinin çevresel koşullarla ilişkisine dair elde edilen bu sonuçlar, etkin ekolojik yönetim, koruma stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi ve ekosistemlerin çevresel değişimlere tepkilerinin tahmin edilmesi açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Özdemirel, B. K. (2026). Environmental gradients shaping Mediterranean land cover patterns: A statistical and spatial analysis. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1830554

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