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Journals / Epilepsi / 2018 / Cilt: 24 - Sayı: 3

Typical Absence Seizures and Related Epilepsy Syndromes

Tipik Absans Nöbetleri ve İlişkili Epilepsi Sendromları

Demet KINAY
Journal
Epilepsi
Pages
87–97
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

For treatment, valproic acid, ethosuximide and lamotrigine are first-line medications.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Typical absence (TA) seizures are brief generalized seizures of abrupt onset and termination characterized by loss of awareness with subtle motor features.
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Key Findings & Data:The EEG reveals bilateral, synchronous, symmetrical 3 to 4 Hz spike-wave discharges on a normal background.
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Conclusion & Impact:For treatment, valproic acid, ethosuximide and lamotrigine are first-line medications.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Typical absence (TA) seizures are brief generalized seizures of abrupt onset and termination characterized by loss of awareness with subtle motor features. The EEG reveals bilateral, synchronous, symmetrical 3 to 4 Hz spike-wave discharges on a normal background. They usually start in childhood or adolescence, but occur in around 15% of adults with seizures. Four main theories on the pathophysiology of TA seizures have been proposed: centrencephalic theory, thalamic clock theory, cortical theory, and corticoreticular theory. More recently, it has been suggested that the cortical focus theory of TA seziures bridges cortical and thalamic theories. The mechanisms underlying the generalized spike-wave discharges that characterize this seizure appears to involve thalamocortical circuitry which has been studied extensively in the generation of sleep spindles. TA seizures may be seen in a number of genetic generalized epilepsy/idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndromes which have different prognosis and outcomes. Their clinical and EEG manifestations are syndrome-related. For treatment, valproic acid, ethosuximide and lamotrigine are first-line medications.

Özet

Tipik absans (TA) nöbetleri kısa süreli, ani başlayan ve sonlanan, hafif motor bulguların eşlik ettiği farkındalığın kaybı ile karakterize jeneralize nöbetlerdir. Elektroensefalografide (EEG) iki taraflı, senkron, simetrik, 3–4 Hz diken-dalga deşarjları görülür, temel aktivite normaldir. Genellikle çocukluk çağında veya adolesan dönemde başlamasına rağmen, %15 oranında erişkinlerde de görülür. TA nöbetlerinin patofizyolojisini açıklamak için başlıca dört teori ileri sürülmüştür: sentrensefalik teori, talamik saat teorisi, kortikal teori ve kortikoretiküler teoridir. Son zamanlarda, kortikal fokus teorisinin kortikal ve talamik teorileri birleştirdiği ileri sürülmüştür. Bu nöbet tipine karakteristik olan jeneralize diken-dalga deşarjlarının altında yatan mekanizmalar, uyku iğciklerinin oluşum mekanizmalarını açıklamak için geniş ölçüde çalışılan talamakortikal döngüyü içerir. TA nöbetleri, farklı prognoz ve sonuçlara sahip olan genetik jeneralize epilepsi/idiyopatik jeneralize epilepsi sendromlarında görülür. Klinik ve EEG bulguları, sendromlarla ilişkilidir. Tedavide, valproik asit, etosuksimid ve lamotrijin ilk tercih edilecek ilaçlardır.

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Cite This Article

KINAY, D. (2018). Typical Absence Seizures and Related Epilepsy Syndromes. Epilepsi, Cilt: 24 - Sayı: 3, 87–97. https://ajindex.com/articles/152909

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