Journals / Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine / 2026 / Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Sentinel lymph node detection using blue dye in patients with early stage cervical cancer: a pilot study

Erken evre serviks kanseri hastalarında mavi boya kullanılarak sentinel lenf nodu tespiti

Sevda Baş(Sağlık Bakanlığı Adana Şehir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi)0000-0002-6454-6470
Pages
—
Publication Date
2026-01-05
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Conclusion: According to our preliminary study, although SLN mapping with blue dye is a low-cost, accessible, and easy-to perform method, it has a low detection rate of SLN.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Aims: This study aimed to determine the feasibility of sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection using lymphatic mapping with intraoperative isosulfan blue dye application in patients with earlystage invasive cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Methods: From June 2009 to December 2010, 16 patients undergoing radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer (stage IA1, IB1) were offered lymph node mapping for identification of the SLN.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Conclusion: According to our preliminary study, although SLN mapping with blue dye is a low-cost, accessible, and easy-to perform method, it has a low detection rate of SLN.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2009 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Cervical cancer · sentinel lymph node · lymphatic metastasis

Abstract

Aims: This study aimed to determine the feasibility of sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection using lymphatic mapping with intraoperative isosulfan blue dye application in patients with earlystage invasive cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Methods: From June 2009 to December 2010, 16 patients undergoing radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer (stage IA1, IB1) were offered lymph node mapping for identification of the SLN. The SLN mapping was done after intracervical isosulphane blue injection preoperatively. All patients underwent SLN identification via laparotomy followed by a complete pelvic and paraaortic lymph node disection and radical hysterectomy. Results: The median age of the patients was 47 years (range: 36-68 years). The histological types identified included squamous cell carcinoma (12 cases), adenosquamous carcinoma (3 cases), and adenocarcinoma (1 case). The FIGO staging for the patients revealed Ia1 in 5 cases and Ib1 in 11 cases. A total of 417 lymph nodes (minimum 12, maximum 51), including SLNs, were removed from 16 patients. A total of 8 SLNs were identified in 5 patients: 1 in 3 patients, 2 in 1 patient, and 3 in 1 patient. All SLNs were unilateral. The technical failure rate of the procedure, defined as the inability to identify an SLN, was 68.8% (11/16), and the total SLN detection rate was 31.2% (5/16). Immunohistochemical examinations found no metastases in any of the SLNs. Ultrastaging also did not identify micrometastasis in any of the SLNs. Additionally, there were no metastases detected in the non- SLN s of patients who did not exhibit metastasis in the SLNs. Consequently, the false-negative rate could not be determined. Conclusion: According to our preliminary study, although SLN mapping with blue dye is a low-cost, accessible, and easy-to perform method, it has a low detection rate of SLN.

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, radikal histerektomi ve pelvik lenfadenektomi uygulanan erken evre invaziv serviks kanserli hastalarda intraoperatif mavi boya uygulaması ile lenfatik haritalama kullanılarak sentinel lenf nodu (SLN) tespitinin uygulanabilirliğini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Yöntemler: Haziran 2009 ile Aralık 2010 tarihleri ​​arasında, erken evre serviks kanseri (evre IA1, IB1) ​​nedeniyle radikal histerektomi operasyonu yapılacak olan 16 hastaya SLN'nin tanımlanması için lenf nodu haritalaması önerildi. SLN haritalaması, ameliyat öncesi, anestezi altında, intraservikal izosülfan mavisi enjeksiyonu uygulanarak yapıldı. Tüm hastalara laparotomi ile SLN tanımlanması, ardından pelvik ve paraaortik lenf nodu diseksiyonu ve radikal histerektomi operasyonu uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Hastaların ortanca yaşı 47 idi (aralık 36-68 yıl). Histolojik tipler arasında skuamöz hücreli karsinom (12 vaka), adenoskuamöz karsinom (3 vaka) ve adenokarsinom (1 vaka) vardı. Hastaların FIGO evrelemesi 5 vakada Ia1 ve 11 vakada Ib1 olarak belirlendi. 16 hastadanıSLN'ler dahil olmak üzere toplam 417 lenf nodu (minimum 12, maksimum 51) eksize edildi. 5 hastada toplam 8 SLN belirlendi: 3 hastada 1, 1 hastada 2 ve 1 hastada 3. Tüm SLN'ler tek taraflı olarak tesbit edildi. İşlemin teknik başarısızlık oranı, SLN'yi belirleyememe olarak tanımlandı, ve %68,8 olarak (11/16) ve toplam SLN tespit oranı %31,2 olarak (5/16) saptandı İmmünohistokimyasal incelemelerde SLN'lerin hiçbirinde metastaz saptanmadı. Ultrastaging ile de SLN'lerin hiçbirinde mikrometastaz saptanmadı. Ayrıca, SLN'lerinde metastaz bulunmayan hastaların non-sentinel lenf nodlarında da metastaz saptanmadı. Sonuç olarak, yanlış negatiflik oranı belirlenemedi. Sonuç: Ön çalışmamıza göre, mavi boya ile SLN haritalaması düşük maliyetli, ulaşılabilir ve kolay uygulanabilir bir yöntem olmasına rağmen, SLN tespit oranı düşüktür.

🔖

Cite This Article

Baş, S., Karateke, A. (2026). Sentinel lymph node detection using blue dye in patients with early stage cervical cancer: a pilot study. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine, Volume: 9 Issue: 1. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1782201

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (28)

  1. WHO guideline for screening and treatment of cervical pre-cancer lesions for cervical cancer prevention, second edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021.
  2. Bruni L, Albero G, Serrano B, et al. ICO/IARC Information Centre on HPV and Cancer (HPV Information Centre). Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases in Turkiye. Summary Report 10 March 2023.
  3. Di Stefano AB, Acquaviva G, Garozzo G, et al. Lymph node mapping and sentinel node detection in patients with cervical carcinoma: a 2-year experience. Gynecol Oncol. 2005;99(3):671-679. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.07.115
  4. Echt ML, Finan MA, Hoffman MS, et al. Detection of sentinel lymph nodes with lymphazurin in cervical, uterine, and vulvar malignancies. South Med J. 1999;92(2):204-208. doi:10.1097/00007611-199902000-000 08
  5. Fuller AF Jr, Elliott N, Kosloff C, Hoskins WJ, Lewis JL Jr. Determinants of increased risk for recurrence in patients undergoing radical hysterectomy for stage IB and IIA carcinoma of the cervix. Gynecol Oncol. 1989;33(1):34-39. doi:10.1016/0090-8258(89)90598-26
  6. Delgado G, Bundy B, Zaino R, et al. Prospective surgical-pathological study of disease-free interval in patients with stage IB squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: a gynecologic oncology group study. Gynecol Oncol. 1990;38(3):352-357. doi:10.1016/0090-8258(90)90072-s
  7. Levenback C, Coleman RL, Burke TW, et al. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel node identification in patients with cervix cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. J Clin Oncol. 2002; 20(3):688-693. doi:10.1200/JCO.2002.20.3.688
  8. Scheidler J, Hricak H, Yu KK, Subak L, Segal MR. Radiological evaluation of lymph node metastases in patients with cervical cancer. A meta-analysis. JAMA. 1997;278(13):1096-1101.
  9. O'Boyle JD, Coleman RL, Bernstein SG, et al. Intraoperative lymphatic mapping in cervix cancer patients undergoing radical hysterectomy: a pilot study. Gynecol Oncol. 2000;79(2):238-243. doi:10.1006/gyno.2000. 5930
  10. McMasters KM, Wong SL, Chao C, et al. Defining the optimal surgeon experience for breast cancer sentinel lymph node biopsy: a model for implementation of new surgical techniques. Ann Surg. 2001;234(3):292-300. doi:10.1097/00000658-200109000-00003
  11. Abu-Rustum NR, Khoury-Collado F, Gemignani ML. Techniques of sentinel lymph node identification for early-stage cervical and uterine cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2008;111(2 Suppl):S44-S50. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno. 2008.07.027
  12. Ruscito I, Gasparri ML, Braicu EI, et al. Sentinel node mapping in cervical and endometrial cancer: indocyanine green versus other conventional dyes-a meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2016;23(11):3749-3756. doi:10.1245/s10434-016-5236-x
  13. Malur S, Krause N, Köhler C, Schneider A. Sentinel lymph node detection in patients with cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2001;80(2):254-257. doi:10.1006/gyno.2000.6041
  14. Plante M, Renaud MC, Têtu B, Harel F, Roy M. Laparoscopic sentinel node mapping in early-stage cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2003;91(3): 494-503. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2003.08.024
  15. Altgassen C, Hertel H, Brandstädt A. Multicenter validation study of the sentinel lymph node concept in cervical cancer: AGO study group. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(18):2943-2951. doi:10.1200/JCO.2007.13.8933
  16. Lecuru F, Mathevet P, Querleu D, et al. Accuracy of sentinel node biopsy in early cervical cancer: results of a multicenter prospective study (SENTICOL). J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(13):1686-1691. doi:10.1200/JCO.20 10.32.0432
  17. Cibula D, Kocian R, Zapardiel I, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy without systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy in females with early-stage cervical cancer: final results of the SENTIX international trial. Gynecol Oncol. 2025;202:118-124. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2025.09.018
  18. Zhang X, Bao B, Wang S, Yi M, Jiang L, Fang X. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in early-stage cervical cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer Med. 2021; 10(8):2590-2600. doi:10.1002/cam4.3645
  19. Verheijen RH, Pijpers R, van Diest PJ, Burger CW, Buist MR, Kenemans P. Sentinel node detection in cervical cancer. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;96(1): 135-138. doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(00)00831-0
  20. Angioli R, Palaia I, Cipriani C, et al. Role of sentinel lymph node biopsy procedure in cervical cancer: a critical point of view. Gynecol Oncol. 2005;96(2):504-509. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.10.034
  21. Barranger E, Cortez A, Grahek D, Callard P, Uzan S, Darai E. Laparoscopic sentinel node procedure using a combination of patent blue and radiocolloid in women with endometrial cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2004;11(3):344-349. doi:10.1245/aso.2004.07.005
  22. Lambaudie E, Collinet P, Narducci F, et al. Laparoscopic identification of sentinel lymph nodes in early stage cervical cancer: prospective study using a combination of patent blue dye injection and technetium radiocolloid injection. Gynecol Oncol. 2003;89(1):84-87. doi:10.1016/s00 90-8258(03)00059-3
  23. Fuller AF Jr, Elliott N, Kosloff C, Lewis JL Jr. Lymph node metastases from carcinoma of the cervix, stages IB and IIA: implications for prognosis and treatment. Gynecol Oncol. 1982;13(2):165-174. doi:10.1016/00 90-8258(82)90024-5
  24. Yuan SH, Xiong Y, Wei M, et al. Sentinel lymph node detection using methylene blue in patients with early stage cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2007;106(1):147-152. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.03.037
  25. Dargent D, Martin X, Mathevet P. Laparoscopic assessment of the sentinel lymph node in early stage cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2000; 79(3):411-415. doi:10.1006/gyno.2000.5999
  26. de Hullu JA, Hollema H, Piers DA, et al. Sentinel lymph node procedure is highly accurate in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18(15):2811-2816. doi:10.1200/JCO.2000.18.15.2811
  27. Rasty G, Hauspy J, Bandarchi B. Assessment of sentinel lymph node in cervical cancer: review of literature. J Clin Pathol. 2009;62(12):1062-1065. doi:10.1136/jcp.2007.054031
  28. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) for Cervical Cancer 4.2025.March24, 2025 © National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Inc. 2025. All rights reserved. Accessed [9/11/2025]. Avaliable online to NCCN.org.