Journals / Harran Üniversitesi Mühendislik Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3

Parkinson's Disease Detection from Speech Signals: Comparison of Three Different Approaches with Cross-Corpus Evaluation

Konuşma Sinyallerinden Parkinson Hastalığı Tespiti: Çapraz Veri Kümesi Değerlendirmesi ile Üç Farklı Yaklaşımın Karşılaştırılması

Çetin Şaraldi(ADIYAMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0009-6371-7934
Zehra Bozdağ Karakeçi(HARRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0002-1119-5275
Pages
172–191
Publication Date
2026-09-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The findings suggest that speech analysis may be considered for use in Parkinson’s disease screening applications; however, generalization across different speech tasks remains a significant open challenge.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:This study presents a cross-corpus evaluation of three different approaches for the detection of Parkinson's disease (PD) from speech signals.
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Key Findings & Data:Three approaches were compared: (i) a Mel-spectrogram-based Hybrid CNN+ViT (EfficientNetB0 + Vision Transformer) deep learning model, (ii) a Wav2Vec 2.0-based transfer learning approach, and (iii) classical ML models (SVM, KNN, MLP, RF) trained on ViT-PCA combined with acoustic features (MFCC, delta, and delta-delta).
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Conclusion & Impact:The findings suggest that speech analysis may be considered for use in Parkinson’s disease screening applications; however, generalization across different speech tasks remains a significant open challenge.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Parkinson hastalığı · Çapraz veri kümesi değerlendirmesi · Vision Transformer

Abstract

This study presents a cross-corpus evaluation of three different approaches for the detection of Parkinson's disease (PD) from speech signals. Three publicly available datasets (PC-GITA, MDVR-KCL, and mPower), each with different recording environments, languages, and speech tasks, were used, and model generalizability was assessed using a Leave-One-Dataset-Out (LODO) protocol. Three approaches were compared: (i) a Mel-spectrogram-based Hybrid CNN+ViT (EfficientNetB0 + Vision Transformer) deep learning model, (ii) a Wav2Vec 2.0-based transfer learning approach, and (iii) classical ML models (SVM, KNN, MLP, RF) trained on ViT-PCA combined with acoustic features (MFCC, delta, and delta-delta). Results were reported at both segment and subject levels, and the effect of segment duration (10, 15, 20, and 25 seconds) on performance was systematically investigated. In the S1 scenario (Test: mPower), the MLP model achieved the highest accuracy (88.91%) with 20-second segments, whereas the RF model obtained the highest AUC (0.961). The Hybrid CNN+ViT model attained an AUC of 0.935 and 85.81% accuracy with 15-second segments. In the S3 scenario (Test: PC-GITA), the Wav2Vec 2.0-based Deep Neural Network (DNN) model achieved an AUC of 0.726, outperforming all spectrogram-based approaches. The findings suggest that speech analysis may be considered for use in Parkinson’s disease screening applications; however, generalization across different speech tasks remains a significant open challenge.

Özet

Bu çalışma, konuşma sinyallerinden Parkinson hastalığının (PH) tespiti için üç farklı yaklaşımın çapraz veri kümesi (cross-corpus) değerlendirmesini sunmaktadır. Farklı kayıt ortamları, diller ve konuşma görevleri içeren üç açık erişimli veri seti (PC-GITA, MDVR-KCL ve mPower) kullanılmış ve modellerin genellenebilirliği Leave-One-Dataset-Out (LODO) protokolü ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada üç yaklaşım karşılaştırılmıştır: (i) Mel-spektrogram tabanlı Hibrit CNN+ViT (EfficientNetB0 + Vision Transformer) derin öğrenme modeli, (ii) Wav2Vec 2.0 tabanlı transfer öğrenme yaklaşımı ve (iii) ViT-PCA ile akustik özelliklerin (MFCC, delta ve delta-delta) birleşiminden elde edilen öznitelikler üzerinde eğitilen klasik makine öğrenmesi modelleri (SVM, KNN, MLP, RF). Sonuçlar hem segment düzeyinde hem de birey (subject) düzeyinde raporlanmış, ayrıca segment süresinin (10, 15, 20 ve 25 saniye) performans üzerindeki etkisi sistematik olarak incelenmiştir. S1 senaryosunda (Test: mPower), MLP modeli 20 saniyelik segmentlerde en yüksek doğruluk oranını (%88,91) elde ederken, RF modeli en yüksek AUC değerine (0,961) ulaşmıştır. Hibrit CNN+ViT modeli ise 15 saniyelik segmentlerde 0,935 AUC ve %85,81 doğruluk elde etmiştir. S3 senaryosunda (Test: PC-GITA), Wav2Vec 2.0 tabanlı Derin Sinir Ağı (DNN) modeli 0,726 AUC değeri ile tüm spektrogram tabanlı yaklaşımlardan daha yüksek performans göstermiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, konuşma analizinin Parkinson hastalığının ön tarama uygulamalarında değerlendirilebileceğini göstermektedir; ancak farklı konuşma görevleri arasında genellenebilirlik hâlen önemli bir araştırma problemi olarak varlığını sürdürmektedir.

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Cite This Article

Şaraldi, Ç., Karakeçi, Z. B. (2026). Parkinson's Disease Detection from Speech Signals: Comparison of Three Different Approaches with Cross-Corpus Evaluation. Harran Üniversitesi Mühendislik Dergisi, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 172–191. https://doi.org/10.46578/humder.1923413

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