Journals / Ardahan Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

A comparative analysis of Fukuyama's "The End of History" and Huntington's "Clash of Civilisations" theories in explaining the post-cold war world order

Soğuk savaş sonrası dünya düzenini açıklamada Fukuyama’nın “Tarihin Sonu” ve Huntington’ın “Medeniyetler Çatışması” tezlerinin karşılaştırmalı analizi

Murat Ercan(ANADOLU ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-1315-9200
Eda Düdar(ANADOLU ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0008-3127-596X
Pages
103–120
Publication Date
2026-06-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The study focuses on the necessity of a more flexible and inclusive analytical model that addresses the variables of the system from a holistic perspective, rather than one-dimensional and deterministic approaches.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:This study examines two fundamental theoretical approaches developed to explain the evolution of the international system and the dynamics of the new world order in the post-Cold War era, namely Francis Fukuyama's ‘The End of History’ and Samuel P.
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Key Findings & Data:The primary aim of this study is to question the explanatory capacity of these two theses and the structural limitations they encounter in light of the changing geopolitical, economic, and technological parameters of the 21st century.
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Conclusion & Impact:The study focuses on the necessity of a more flexible and inclusive analytical model that addresses the variables of the system from a holistic perspective, rather than one-dimensional and deterministic approaches.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Yeni Dünya Düzeni · Tarihin Sonu · Medeniyetler Çatışması

Abstract

This study examines two fundamental theoretical approaches developed to explain the evolution of the international system and the dynamics of the new world order in the post-Cold War era, namely Francis Fukuyama's ‘The End of History’ and Samuel P. Huntington's ‘Clash of Civilisations’ theses, from a comparative perspective. The primary aim of this study is to question the explanatory capacity of these two theses and the structural limitations they encounter in light of the changing geopolitical, economic, and technological parameters of the 21st century. Fukuyama's assumption that liberal democracy is the final stage of humanity's ideological evolution and a universal model of legitimacy is compared with Huntington's claim that, with the end of ideological blocs, global politics will be shaped along cultural fault lines and conflicts will be civilisation-based. These theoretical frameworks have been tested against critical cases such as the 9/11 attacks, global terrorism, China's rise to global power under an authoritarian model, Russia's revisionist power politics, the rising populist wave in Western democracies, and migration crises. The evaluations reveal that Fukuyama's assumption of liberal universalism has been shaken by the resilience of authoritarian regimes and the internal crises of the liberal system. Huntington's thesis, on the other hand, has been found to be unable to explain today's complex structure on its own, as it disregards the intensity of intra-civilisational conflicts, the economic interdependence of states, and the integrative role of globalisation. Furthermore, this study reveals that the 21st-century global order cannot be defined as merely ideological convergence or cultural polarisation; rather, it exhibits a ‘hybrid and multi-layered’ structure in which economic competition, technological transformation, classical power politics, and identity politics interact simultaneously. The study focuses on the necessity of a more flexible and inclusive analytical model that addresses the variables of the system from a holistic perspective, rather than one-dimensional and deterministic approaches.

Özet

Bu çalışma, Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde uluslararası sistemin evrimini ve yeni dünya düzeninin dinamiklerini açıklamaya yönelik geliştirilen iki temel kuramsal yaklaşımı, Francis Fukuyama’nın "Tarihin Sonu" ve Samuel P. Huntington’ın "Medeniyetler Çatışması" tezleri üzerinden karşılaştırmalı bir perspektifle incelemektedir. Buradaki temel amacı 21. yüzyılın değişen jeopolitik, ekonomik ve teknolojik parametreleri ışığında bu iki tezin açıklayıcılık kapasitesini ve karşılaştıkları yapısal sınırlılıkları sorgulamak olan bu çalışmada , Fukuyama’nın liberal demokrasiyi insanlığın ideolojik evriminin nihai aşaması ve evrensel bir meşruiyet modeli olarak sunduğu varsayımı ile Huntington’ın ideolojik bloklaşmanın sona ermesiyle birlikte küresel siyasetin kültürel fay hatları boyunca şekilleneceği ve çatışmaların medeniyet temelli olacağı iddiası karşılaştırılmaktadır. Bu kuramsal çerçeveler, 11 Eylül saldırıları, küresel terör, Çin’in otoriter bir modelle küresel güç haline gelişi, Rusya’nın revizyonist güç politikaları, Batı demokrasilerinde yükselen popülist dalga ve göç krizleri gibi kritik vakalar üzerinden test edilmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda, Fukuyama’nın liberal evrenselcilik varsayımının otoriter rejimlerin dayanıklılığı ve liberal sistemin içsel krizleri nedeniyle sarsıldığı görülürken; Huntington’ın tezinin ise medeniyet içi çatışmaların yoğunluğunu, devletlerin ekonomik karşılıklı bağımlılığını ve küreselleşmenin bütünleştirici rolünü göz ardı etmesi sebebiyle günümüzün karmaşık yapısını tek başına açıklayamadığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışma, 21. yüzyıl küresel düzeninin ne sadece ideolojik bir yakınsama ne de salt bir kültürel kutuplaşma olarak tanımlanabileceğini, aksine ekonomik rekabet, teknolojik dönüşüm, klasik güç politikaları ve kimlik siyasetinin eş zamanlı olarak etkileşime girdiği "hibrit ve çok katmanlı" bir yapı sergilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, tek boyutlu ve determinist yaklaşımlar yerine, sistemin değişkenlerini bütüncül bir perspektifle ele alan daha esnek ve kapsayıcı bir analitik modelin gerekliliğine odaklanmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Ercan, M., Düdar, E. (2026). A comparative analysis of Fukuyama's "The End of History" and Huntington's "Clash of Civilisations" theories in explaining the post-cold war world order. Ardahan Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 103–120. https://doi.org/10.58588/aru-jfeas.1890977

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