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Journals / Animal Health Production and Hygiene / 2026 / Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2

Bee Venom and Its Therapeutic Potential

Arı Zehri ve Terapötik Potansiyeli

Betül Su Doğan(AYDIN ADNAN MENDERES ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ, FARMAKOLOJİ VE TOKSİLOJİ (DR) (VETERİNER))0009-0005-6130-2373
Hande Sultan Şahiner(AYDIN ADNAN MENDERES ÜNİVERSİTESİ, VETERİNER FAKÜLTESİ, KLİNİK ÖNCESİ BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, VETERİNERLİK FARMAKOLOJİ VE TOKSİKOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0003-2811-3579
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-05-18
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In conclusion, although bee venom possesses a broad therapeutic potential, its clinical application is not considered appropriate without establishing optimal treatment duration, dosing regimens, and targeted delivery strategies.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The aim of this review is to evaluate the biological effects of the major components of bee venom (apitoxin) and the implications of these effects in experimental disease models.
📊
Key Findings & Data:In conclusion, although bee venom possesses a broad therapeutic potential, its clinical application is not considered appropriate without establishing optimal treatment duration, dosing regimens, and targeted delivery strategies.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Therefore, further data are needed to support the development of biotherapeutic approaches aimed at enabling the safe and effective use of bee venom.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Apiterapi · Arı Zehri · Apitoksin

Abstract

The aim of this review is to evaluate the biological effects of the major components of bee venom (apitoxin) and the implications of these effects in experimental disease models. Bee venom has become an important natural agent in modern pharmacology and medicine due to its diverse bioactive constituents, including melittin, apamin, adolapin, phospholipase A₂, and hyaluronidase. In neurodegenerative and autoimmune disease models such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis, bee venom has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. However, its toxic effects must be assessed as carefully as its therapeutic properties. Immune reactions triggered by bee venom may lead to severe clinical manifestations, particularly in allergic individuals. In conclusion, although bee venom possesses a broad therapeutic potential, its clinical application is not considered appropriate without establishing optimal treatment duration, dosing regimens, and targeted delivery strategies. Therefore, further data are needed to support the development of biotherapeutic approaches aimed at enabling the safe and effective use of bee venom.

Özet

Bu derlemenin amacı, arı zehrinin (apitoksin) başlıca bileşenlerinin biyolojik etkilerini ve bu etkilerin deneysel modellerdeki yansımalarını değerlendirmektir. Arı zehri, melittin, apamin, adolapin, fosfolipaz A₂ ve hyaluronidaz gibi çeşitli biyoaktif bileşenleri sayesinde modern farmakoloji ve tıpta önemli bir doğal ajan hâline gelmiştir. Parkinson, Alzheimer ve multipl skleroz gibi nörodejeneratif ve otoimmün hastalık modellerinde, arı zehrinin nöroprotektif, anti-inflamatuar ve antioksidan etkiler sergilediği ortaya konmuştur. Bununla birlikte, terapötik etkileri kadar toksik etkileri de dikkatle değerlendirilmelidir. Arı zehrine bağlı gelişen immün yanıtlar, özellikle alerjik bireylerde ciddi klinik tablolara neden olabilmektedir. Sonuç olarak, arı zehrinin terapötik potansiyeli oldukça geniştir. Ancak uygulama süresi, doz rejimi ve hedefe yönelik stratejiler geliştirilmeden klinik kullanıma geçilmesi uygun görülmemektedir. Bu nedenle, arı zehrinin kullanılabilmesi amacıyla biyoterapötik yaklaşımların geliştirilmesine yönelik bilimsel çalışmaların sürdürülebilmesi için daha fazla veriye ihtiyaç vardır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Doğan, B. S., Şahiner, H. S. (2026). Bee Venom and Its Therapeutic Potential. Animal Health Production and Hygiene, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2. https://doi.org/10.53913/aduveterinary.1831949

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  61. Sadek, K.M., Shib, N.A., Taher, E.S., Rashed, F., Shukry, M., Atia, G.A.,. Abdeen, A. (2024). Harnessing the power of bee venom for therapeutic and regenerative medical applications: an updated review. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fphar.2024.1412245
  62. Uddin, M.B., Lee, B.H., Nikapitiya, C., Kim, J.H., Kim, T.H., Lee, H.C.,. Kim, C.J. (2016). Inhibitory effects of bee venom and its components against viruses in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Microbiology (Seoul, Korea), 54(12), 853–866. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016- 6376-1
  63. Ullah, A., Aldakheel, F.M., Anjum, S.I., Raza, G., Khan, S.A., & Tlak Gajger, I. (2023). Pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of honey bee venom. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal: SPJ, 31(1), 96–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2022.11.008
  64. Zan, H., Liu, J., Yang, M., Zhao, H., Gao, C., Dai, Y.,. Zhang, Y. (2024). Melittin alleviates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by promoting GPX4 expression to inhibit ferroptosis. Redox Report: Communications in Free Radical Research, 29(1), 2290864. https:// doi.org/10.1080/13510002.2023.2290864