Journals / Anatolian Journal of Emergency Medicine / 2026 / Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Updates in Emergency Department Trauma Management: A Narrative Review

Acil Serviste Travma Yönetimindeki Güncellemeler: Bir Derleme

Emir Ünal(Marmara University School of Medicine)0000-0003-2758-8214
Haldun Akoğlu(MARMARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-1316-0308
Pages
52–57
Publication Date
2026-03-29
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The Assessment of Blood Consumption (ABC) score is recommended to guide activation of the massive transfusion protocol (MTP).

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Traumatic injury remains a major global cause of death and disability, with uncontrolled hemorrhage continuing to represent one of the leading causes of early preventable death after trauma.
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Key Findings & Data:Aggressive crystalloid resuscitation has been replaced by damage control resuscitation (DCR) using low-titer O-negative whole blood (LTOWB) or balanced 1:1:1 component therapy.
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Conclusion & Impact:The Assessment of Blood Consumption (ABC) score is recommended to guide activation of the massive transfusion protocol (MTP).
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Hasar kontrol resüsitasyonu · acil servis travma yönetimi · kanama kontrolü

Abstract

Traumatic injury remains a major global cause of death and disability, with uncontrolled hemorrhage continuing to represent one of the leading causes of early preventable death after trauma. This narrative review summarizes current evidence-based updates in emergency department (ED) trauma management. The primary survey algorithm has been revised to "x-ABCDE," placing immediate hemorrhage control before airway assessment. Aggressive crystalloid resuscitation has been replaced by damage control resuscitation (DCR) using low-titer O-negative whole blood (LTOWB) or balanced 1:1:1 component therapy. The Assessment of Blood Consumption (ABC) score is recommended to guide activation of the massive transfusion protocol (MTP). Pediatric fluid limits are now strictly defined by weight. Video laryngoscopy (VL) should be considered the default first-attempt device in most critically ill ED trauma patients when visualization is not severely compromised. Pre-intubation hemodynamic optimization is essential to prevent cardiovascular collapse during intubation. Permissive hypotension is contraindicated in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI), with a target systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 100–110 mmHg. Tranexamic acid (TXA) given within three hours reduces TBI-related mortality. Universal cervical immobilization has shifted to selective spinal motion restriction (SMR). Structured communication tools, Trauma-Informed Care (TIC), and the Zero and Quaternary Surveys have been incorporated into routine trauma practice. Together, these changes move trauma care from volume-driven resuscitation toward physiology-guided and patient-centered approaches.

Özet

Travmatik yaralanmalar küresel çapta majör bir mortalite ve morbidite nedeni olmaya devam ederken, kontrolsüz hemoraji travma sonrası erken dönemde önlenebilir ölümlerin önde gelen nedenlerinden birini oluşturmayı sürdürmektedir. Bu naratif derleme, acil serviste (AS) travma yönetimi konusundaki kanıta dayalı güncel gelişmeleri özetlemektedir. Primer bakı algoritması "x-ABCDE" şeklinde revize edilmiş ve acil hemoraji kontrolü, havayolu değerlendirmesinin önüne alınmıştır. Agresif kristalloid resüsitasyonunun yerini; düşük titreli 0 (sıfır) Rh negatif tam kan (LTOWB) veya 1:1:1 oranlı dengeli kan komponent tedavisinin uygulandığı hasar kontrol resüsitasyonu (DCR) almıştır. Masif transfüzyon protokolünün (MTP) aktivasyonuna rehberlik etmesi amacıyla Kan Tüketimi Değerlendirmesi (ABC) skorunun kullanılması önerilmektedir. Pediyatrik popülasyonda sıvı limitleri artık vücut ağırlığına göre katı bir şekilde tanımlanmıştır. Glottik görüşün ciddi şekilde engellenmediği durumlarda, kritik durumdaki AS travma hastalarının çoğunda videolaringoskopi (VL) ilk denenecek varsayılan cihaz olarak kabul edilmelidir. Entübasyon sırasında gelişebilecek kardiyovasküler kollapsı önlemek için pre-entübasyon hemodinamik optimizasyon elzemdir. Travmatik beyin hasarı (TBH) ve spinal kord yaralanmalarında (SKY) permisif hipotansiyon kontrendike olup, hedef sistolik kan basıncı (SKB) ≥ 100–110 mmHg olarak belirlenmelidir. İlk üç saat içerisinde uygulanan traneksamik asit (TXA), TBH ile ilişkili mortaliteyi azaltmaktadır. Üniversal servikal immobilizasyon yaklaşımı, yerini seçici spinal hareket kısıtlamasına (SMR) bırakmıştır. Yapılandırılmış iletişim araçları, Travma Odaklı Bakım (TIC) ile Sıfırıncı ve Dördüncül Bakılar (Zero and Quaternary Surveys) rutin travma pratiğine entegre edilmiştir. Tüm bu değişiklikler, travma bakımını volüm odaklı resüsitasyondan fizyoloji kılavuzluğunda yürütülen hasta merkezli yaklaşımlara dönüştürmektedir.

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Cite This Article

Ünal, E., Akoğlu, H. (2026). Updates in Emergency Department Trauma Management: A Narrative Review. Anatolian Journal of Emergency Medicine, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 52–57. https://doi.org/10.54996/anatolianjem.1904297

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