Journals / Anatolian Journal of Emergency Medicine / 2026 / Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3

Inflammatory and Metabolic Ratios as Supportive Markers for Differentiating Snakebite from Scorpion Sting in the Emergency Department: A 10-Year Retrospective Study

Acil Serviste Yılan Isırığı ile Akrep Sokmasının Ayırıcı Tanısında Destekleyici Belirteç Olarak İnflamatuvar ve Metabolik Oranlar: 10 Yıllık Retrospektif Bir Çalışma

Şenol Ardıç(Trabzon Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Acil Tıp ABD)0000-0003-3621-7327
Mustafa Cicek(Primary Health Care Corporation Health Center Doha)0000-0003-4307-3261
Özgen Gönenç Çekiç(Trabzon University Faculty of Medicine)0000-0002-0011-7044
Pages
135–141
Publication Date
2026-09-25
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Conclusion: NLR and GPR may serve as supportive and readily available adjunctive biomarkers for differentiating snakebite from scorpion sting; however, they should be interpreted together with clinical findings rather than as standalone diagnostic tools.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Aim: In emergency settings, distinguishing between snakebite and scorpion sting may be challenging due to similar presenting features, even though the underlying biological effects differ substantially.
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Key Findings & Data:Their discriminatory performance was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
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Conclusion & Impact:Conclusion: NLR and GPR may serve as supportive and readily available adjunctive biomarkers for differentiating snakebite from scorpion sting; however, they should be interpreted together with clinical findings rather than as standalone diagnostic tools.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Yılan ısırıkları · akrep sokmaları · nötrofil-lenfosit oranı

Abstract

Aim: In emergency settings, distinguishing between snakebite and scorpion sting may be challenging due to similar presenting features, even though the underlying biological effects differ substantially. In situations where clinical history is limited or unclear, simple laboratory-based indicators may provide additional guidance. This study investigated whether inflammation- and metabolism-related indices, specifically the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and glucose-to-potassium ratio (GPR), could assist in differentiating these two types of envenomation. Material and Methods: A retrospective evaluation was carried out including patients diagnosed with either snakebite or scorpion sting over a ten-year period at a tertiary care emergency department. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and laboratory findings were obtained from archived medical records. NLR and GPR values were derived from laboratory measurements recorded at admission. Their discriminatory performance was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Exploratory univariate logistic regression was performed to examine whether higher NLR and GPR values were associated with snakebite. The combined model output was interpreted as predicted probability. Results: Eighty-nine patients were included in the analysis, consisting of 37 snakebite and 52 scorpion sting cases. Patients with snakebite demonstrated significantly higher NLR and GPR values (p < 0.05). Both indices showed meaningful diagnostic performance in ROC analysis, and their combined use resulted in improved discrimination between the two conditions. In exploratory univariate logistic regression, elevated NLR and GPR were associated with snakebite. Conclusion: NLR and GPR may serve as supportive and readily available adjunctive biomarkers for differentiating snakebite from scorpion sting; however, they should be interpreted together with clinical findings rather than as standalone diagnostic tools.

Özet

Amaç: Acil servis koşullarında yılan ısırığı ile akrep sokmasını ayırt etmek, altta yatan biyolojik etkiler önemli ölçüde farklı olsa da benzer başvuru özellikleri nedeniyle güç olabilir. Klinik öykünün sınırlı ya da belirsiz olduğu durumlarda laboratuvara dayalı basit göstergeler ek yol gösterici olabilir. Bu çalışmada, inflamasyon ve metabolizma ile ilişkili indekslerin, özellikle nötrofil-lenfosit oranı (NLR) ve glukoz-potasyum oranının (GPR), bu iki envenomasyon türünün ayırt edilmesine yardımcı olup olamayacağı araştırıldı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Üçüncü basamak bir acil serviste on yıllık dönemde yılan ısırığı veya akrep sokması tanısı alan hastalar retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Demografik veriler, klinik özellikler ve laboratuvar bulguları arşivlenmiş tıbbi kayıtlardan elde edildi. NLR ve GPR değerleri başvuru anında kaydedilen laboratuvar ölçümlerinden hesaplandı. Ayırt edici performansları alıcı işletim karakteristiği (ROC) eğrileri ile analiz edildi. Yüksek NLR ve GPR değerlerinin yılan ısırığı ile ilişkili olup olmadığını incelemek için keşifsel tek değişkenli lojistik regresyon uygulandı. Birleşik model çıktısı öngörülen olasılık olarak yorumlandı. Bulgular: Analize 37 yılan ısırığı ve 52 akrep sokması olmak üzere 89 hasta dahil edildi. Yılan ısırığı olan hastalarda NLR ve GPR değerleri anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p < 0,05). Her iki indeks de ROC analizinde anlamlı tanısal performans gösterdi ve birlikte kullanımları iki durum arasındaki ayrımı iyileştirdi. Keşifsel tek değişkenli lojistik regresyonda yüksek NLR ve GPR, yılan ısırığı ile ilişkiliydi. Sonuç: NLR ve GPR, yılan ısırığı ile akrep sokmasının ayırt edilmesinde destekleyici ve kolay ulaşılabilir yardımcı biyobelirteçler olarak kullanılabilir; ancak tek başına tanı aracı olarak değil, klinik bulgularla birlikte yorumlanmalıdır.

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Cite This Article

Ardıç, Ş., Cicek, M., Çekiç, Ö. G. (2026). Inflammatory and Metabolic Ratios as Supportive Markers for Differentiating Snakebite from Scorpion Sting in the Emergency Department: A 10-Year Retrospective Study. Anatolian Journal of Emergency Medicine, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 135–141. https://doi.org/10.54996/anatolianjem.1906046

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