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Journals / Alanya Akademik Bakış / 2026 / Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

The Impact of Private Sector Job Freedom and Human Capital on Entrepreneurship: The Case of Brics Countries

Şaban Onur Viga(ISTANBUL ESENYURT UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES)0000-0002-1676-7850
Zekeriya Şahin(İSTANBUL ESENYURT ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-2811-3264
Pages
1–12
Publication Date
2026-01-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

According to the results of the analysis, unidirectional causality from entrepreneurship to private sector business freedom is determined for the panel.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Private sector business freedom and human capital are the fundamental building blocks of the entrepreneurial ecosystem.
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Key Findings & Data:The aim of this study is to determine the causality relationships between private sector job freedom, human capital and entrepreneurship for selected BRICS countries for the period 2002-2023 with the help of Emirmahmutoğlu and Köse (2011) causality test.
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Conclusion & Impact:According to the results of the analysis, unidirectional causality from entrepreneurship to private sector business freedom is determined for the panel.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2002-2023 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Özel Sektör İş Özgürlüğü · Beşeri Sermaye · Panel Nedensellik Analizi

Abstract

Private sector business freedom and human capital are the fundamental building blocks of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Business freedom provides entrepreneurs with the necessary space and opportunities, while human capital provides the knowledge and skills to make the most of these opportunities. Both factors are critical for economic growth, innovation and social welfare. The aim of this study is to determine the causality relationships between private sector job freedom, human capital and entrepreneurship for selected BRICS countries for the period 2002-2023 with the help of Emirmahmutoğlu and Köse (2011) causality test. According to the results of the analysis, unidirectional causality from entrepreneurship to private sector business freedom is determined for the panel. On the other hand, for the country level, unidirectional causality from entrepreneurship to private sector business freedom is found in Brazil, China, South Africa and Russia. Moreover, bidirectional causality was found between GIRSM and BSER at the panel level. At the country level, there is bidirectional causality between BSER and GIRSM for Brazil, China and South Africa, unidirectional causality from GIRSM to BSER for Russia, and no causality for India. Societies that want to encourage entrepreneurship should develop policies to increase business freedom and invest in education and development programs to strengthen human capital.

Özet

Özel sektörde iş özgürlüğü ve beşeri sermaye, girişimcilik ekosisteminin temel yapı taşlarıdır. İş özgürlüğü girişimcilere gerekli alan ve fırsatları sağlarken, beşeri sermaye de bu fırsatlardan en iyi şekilde faydalanmak için gerekli bilgi ve becerileri sağlar. Her iki faktör de ekonomik büyüme, yenilikçilik ve sosyal refah için kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Emirmahmutoğlu ve Köse (2011) nedensellik testi yardımıyla 2002-2023 dönemi için seçilmiş BRICS ülkeleri için özel sektör iş özgürlüğü, beşeri sermaye ve girişimcilik arasındaki nedensellik ilişkilerini belirlemektir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre panel için girişimcilikten özel sektör iş özgürlüğüne doğru tek yönlü nedensellik tespit edilmiştir. Öte yandan, ülke düzeyinde ise Brezilya, Çin, Güney Afrika ve Rusya'da girişimcilikten özel sektör iş özgürlüğüne doğru tek yönlü nedensellik bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, panel düzeyinde GIRSM ve BSER arasında çift yönlü nedensellik bulunmuştur. Ülke düzeyinde, Brezilya, Çin ve Güney Afrika için BSER ile GIRSM arasında çift yönlü nedensellik, Rusya için GIRSM'den BSER'e doğru tek yönlü nedensellik bulunurken, Hindistan için nedensellik bulunmamıştır. Girişimciliği teşvik etmek isteyen toplumlar iş özgürlüğünü artıracak politikalar geliştirmeli ve beşeri sermayeyi güçlendirmek için eğitim ve kalkınma programlarına yatırım yapmalıdır.

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Cite This Article

Viga, Ş. O., Şahin, Z. (2026). The Impact of Private Sector Job Freedom and Human Capital on Entrepreneurship: The Case of Brics Countries. Alanya Akademik Bakış, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.1589223

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