Journals / Adalet Dergisi / 2026 / Sayı: 77

JURISDICTION AND APPLICABLE LAW IN INVESTOR CLAIMS FOR PURE ECONOMIC LOSS: THE CJEU’S APPROACH IN VEB V BP AND RELATED CASE LAW

Saf Ekonomik Zarara İlişkin Yatırımcı Taleplerinde Yetkili Mahkeme ve Uygulanacak Hukuk: VEB v BP ve İlgili ABAD İçtihadı

Sena Berfin Tunç(DOKUZ EYLÜL ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0002-1623-2212
Pages
1027–1052
Publication Date
2026-09-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

This article aims to address pure economic loss within the framework of private international law and to propose a balanced approach that considers both investor protection and the proper functioning of the financial system.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Pure economic loss refers to financial harm suffered without any direct damage to personal integrity or property.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The relationship of pure economic loss with tortious and contractual liability has generated ongoing debate, particularly in the context of investor protection.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:This article aims to address pure economic loss within the framework of private international law and to propose a balanced approach that considers both investor protection and the proper functioning of the financial system.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Saf ekonomik zarar · uluslararası özel hukuk · yetki

Abstract

Pure economic loss refers to financial harm suffered without any direct damage to personal integrity or property. If the loss is connected to even minimal material damage, it is considered consequential economic loss. Pure economic loss exclusively affects financial interests and emerges from the interdependence of modern economic relations. The relationship of pure economic loss with tortious and contractual liability has generated ongoing debate, particularly in the context of investor protection. In private international law, identifying the place of pure economic loss and determining the law applicable to it are particularly challenging, since such loss is non-material and can generally be established only through mathematical or statistical methods. Based on doctrinal views and CJEU decisions, two major issues arise: (i) whether pure economic loss should be governed by contract law or tort law, and (ii) which court has jurisdiction. Some jurists argue that investors should be protected similarly to consumers through tort liability, while others consider such an interpretation too narrow. Since investors often appear as non-contractual third parties, contractual protection is also problematic. This article aims to address pure economic loss within the framework of private international law and to propose a balanced approach that considers both investor protection and the proper functioning of the financial system.

Özet

Saf ekonomik zarar, kişilerin şahıslarına veya malvarlıklarına doğrudan zarar gelmeksizin yalnızca mali çıkarlarının zedelenmesiyle ortaya çıkan zarardır. Eğer ekonomik zarar en küçük bir kişisel veya malvarlığı zararına bağlıysa bu durumda “dolaylı ekonomik kayıp/zarar” söz konusu olur. Saf ekonomik kayıp/zarar, yalnızca kişinin mali durumunu etkiler ve modern ekonomik ilişkilerin karşılıklı bağımlılıklarından doğar. Saf ekonomik zararın haksız fiil ve sözleşmesel sorumlulukla ilişkisi, özellikle yatırımcıların korunması bağlamında tartışmalara yol açmaktadır. Uluslararası özel hukukta saf ekonomik zararın yerinin ve bu zarara uygulanacak hukukun belirlenmesi güçtür; zira bu zarar maddi bir unsur taşımamakta ve çoğunlukla matematiksel veya istatistiksel yöntemlerle ortaya konulabilmektedir. Öğreti ve ABAD kararları ışığında iki temel sorun ortaya çıkmaktadır: (i) saf ekonomik zarar hallerinde uygulanacak hukukun sözleşmeye mi yoksa haksız fiile mi dayanacağı; (ii) yetkili mahkemenin hangi ülke mahkemesi olacağı. Bazı yazarlar yatırımcının tüketici gibi korunması gerektiğini savunurken, bazıları bu yaklaşımı dar bulmaktadır. Yatırımcı çoğu kez sözleşmeye taraf olmayan üçüncü kişi konumunda olduğundan, sözleşmesel koruma da tartışmalıdır. Bu makalenin temel amacı, saf ekonomik zarar sorununu uluslararası özel hukuk bağlamında değerlendirmek ve hem yatırımcıların korunması hem de finansal sistemin işleyişi arasında denge sağlayacak çözüm önerileri geliştirmektir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Tunç, S. B. (2026). JURISDICTION AND APPLICABLE LAW IN INVESTOR CLAIMS FOR PURE ECONOMIC LOSS: THE CJEU’S APPROACH IN VEB V BP AND RELATED CASE LAW. Adalet Dergisi, Sayı: 77, 1027–1052. https://doi.org/10.57083/adaletdergisi.2050269

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (47)

  1. Books..
  2. Bussani M and Palmer VV (eds), Pure Economic Loss in Europe (Cambridge University Press 2003).
  3. Koslow P, The Securities and Exchange Commission (Chelsea House Publishers 1990).
  4. Michie RC, The London Stock Exchange: A History (Oxford University Press 1999).
  5. Newcombe A and Paradell L, Law and Practice of Investment Treaties: Standards of Treatment (Kluwer Law International 2009).
  6. Articles.
  7. Çelik O, ‘Integration of Capital Markets and Harmonization Process of Accounting Applications in European Union: Position of Turkey in the Harmonization Process’ (2005) 60(1) Journal of Ankara University Social Sciences Faculty 89.
  8. Çetin N, ‘Sermaye Piyasası Hukukunda Yatırımcının Korunması İlkesinin Teorik Analizi’ (2011) 15(1) Gazi Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 1
  9. Deipenbrock G, ‘The European Civil Liability Regime for Credit Rating Agencies from the Perspective of Private International Law – Opening Pandora’s Box?’ (2015) 11(2) International and Comparative Corporate Law Journal 3
  10. Garcimartín F, ‘The Law Applicable to Prospectus Liability in the European Union’ (2011) 5(6) Law and Financial Markets Review 449
  11. Gelderblom O and Jonker J, ‘Completing a Financial Revolution: The Finance of the Dutch East India Trade and the Rise of the Amsterdam Capital Market, 1595–1612’ (2004) 64(3) The Journal of Economic History 641.
  12. Gridel A, ‘Actions against Issuers for Inaccurate Information: The Difficulties of International Jurisdiction in the EU’ (2025) 21(2) Journal of Private International Law 373.
  13. Habersack M, ‘Regulatory Objectives and Strategies’ in Rüdiger Veil (ed), Regulating EU Capital Markets Union (OUP 2024)
  14. Hartley TC, ‘Jurisdiction in Tort Claims for Non-Physical Harm under Brussels 2012, Article 7(2)’ (2018) 67(4) International and Comparative Law Quarterly 987.
  15. Lehmann M, ‘Where Does Economic Loss Occur?’ (2011) 7 Journal of Private International Law 527.
  16. Lehmann M, ‘Prospectus liability and private international law – assessing the landscape after the CJEU’s Kolassa ruling (Case C-375/13)’ (2016) 12(2) Journal of Private International Law 318.
  17. Lehmann M, ‘A New Piece in the Puzzle of Locating Financial Loss: The Ruling in VEB v BP on Jurisdiction for Collective Actions Based on Deficient Investor Information’ (2022) 18 Journal of Private International Law 1.
  18. Möllers TMJ, ‘European Legislative Practice 2.0: Dynamic Harmonisation of Capital Markets Law — MiFID II and PRIIPs’ (2015) 31 Butterworths Journal of International Banking and Financial Law 141.
  19. Nästegård E, ‘Does Member State Law Make Article 35a of the EU Regulation on Credit Rating Agencies Redundant?’ (2015) 11(2) International and Comparative Corporate Law Journal 71.
  20. Özel S, ‘Haksız Fiillere Uygulanacak Hukukun “Daha Sıkı İlişkili Hukuk” Temelinde Belirlenmesi’ (2021) 41(2) Public and Private International Law Bulletin 483.
  21. Pascalis F, ‘Civil Liability of Credit Rating Agencies from a European Perspective: Development and Contents of Art 35(a) of Regulation (EU) No 462/2013’ (2015) 11(2) International and Comparative Corporate Law Journal 41, 41–42;
  22. Poitras G, ‘From Antwerp to Chicago: The History of Exchange Traded Derivative Security Contracts’ (2009) 20(1) Revue d’Histoire des Sciences Humaines 11.
  23. Rieländer F, ‘The EU Private International Law Framework for Civil Disputes Concerning Credit Ratings: Exploring the Status Quo and Prospects of Reform’ (2024) 20 Journal of Private International Law 68.
  24. Rieländer F, ‘Financial Torts and EU Private International Law: Will the Search for the Place of “Financial Damage” Ever Come to an End?’ (2022) 18(1) Journal of Private International Law 28.
  25. Suadiye G, ‘Kredi Derecelendirme ve Finansal Piyasalar Üzerindeki Etkileri’ (2006) 3(6) Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 97
  26. Süzen B, ‘Yansıma Yoluyla Zararların Tazmini Taleplerine Uygulanacak Hukukun Belirlenmesi Bakımından Zarar Yerinin Tespiti’ (2021) 8(1) İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 295.
  27. Ungerer J, ‘Pure Financial Loss and International Jurisdiction for Tort under the Brussels I (Recast) Regulation’ (2017) 24(3) Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 448.
  28. Van Bochove L, ‘Purely Economic Loss in Conflict of Laws: The Case of Tortious Interference with Contract’ (2016) 3 Nederlands Internationaal Privaatrecht 456.
  29. Yıldırım NE, Üre S and Karaköy Ç, ‘Credit Rating Agencies and Their Effects: An Analysis of Balkan Countries’ (2021) 9(3–4) Journal of Process Management and New Technologies 28.
  30. Yüksel E, ‘Compensation of Pure Economic Loss within the Scope of Tort Liability’ (2018) 17(1) Galatasaray University Law Review 571.
  31. Theses.
  32. Kahraman Jourdan T, 'Sermaye Piyasası Aracı Kurumlarının İşlevleri, Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkileri' (Master's thesis, Istanbul University 2006).
  33. Özcanlı FB, 'Sermaye Piyasası Kurulunun Yatırımcıları Korumaya Yönelik Dava Açma Yetkisi' (Master's thesis, Istanbul University 2014).
  34. Ayşe Elif Ulusu, 'Milletlerarası Özel Hukukta Menkul Kıymetlere İlişkin Hak Sahipliği İhtilaflarına Uygulanacak Hukuk' (PhD thesis, Istanbul University 2014) 117.
  35. Internet Sources
  36. Capital Markets Union explained note, http://www.consilium.europa.eu accessed 5 January 2025.
  37. Kopp T and Holzapfel W, ‘The Kolassa Case: Jurisdictional Issues For Securities Issuers And Underwriters’ (Cleary Gottlieb, https://www.clearygottlieb.com accessed 6 January 2025).
  38. Leijten F, Kortmann J, van Hemel W and Schotel O, ‘Stibbe Advises BP’ https://www.stibbe.com/publications-and-insights/stibbe-advises-bp accessed 8 January 2025.
  39. Nisi N, ‘Which Court is Competent for Prospectus Liability Cases? The CJEU Rules in Kolassa (Case C-375/13)’ (2015) https://conflictoflaws.net accessed 3 January 2025.
  40. Sanitt A, ‘Casenote: Profit Investment SIM SpA v Ossi (Case C-366/13)’ (2016) https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com accessed 6 January 2025.
  41. van Calster G, ‘Effectenbezitters: Which Lessons for Applicable Law?’ (23 June 2021) https://www.eapil.org accessed 8 January 2025.
  42. van Calster G, ‘Jurisdiction re Prospectus Liability’ (2015) https://gavclaw.com accessed 8 January 2025.
  43. van Calster G, ‘The ECJ on Prospectus Liability: A Kolassal Complication?’ https://gavclaw.com accessed 6 January 2025.
  44. What is the Capital Market Union?, https://finance.ec.europa.eu accessed 5 January 2025.
  45. Books.
  46. Articles.
  47. Theses.