Journals / SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2

ACUTE EFFECTS OF REST REDISTRIBUTION SET STRUCTURES ON MUSCLE ACTIVATION, PERCEIVED FATIGUE, AND JUMP PERFORMANCE: A RANDOMIZED CROSSOVER TRIAL

REST REDISTRIBUTION SET YAPILARININ KAS AKTİVASYONUNA, ALGISAL YORGUNLUĞA VE SIÇRAMA PERFORMANSINA AKUT ETKİSİ: RANDOMİZE BİR ÇAPRAZ DENEME

Beste Serter(Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü)0009-0005-2763-8199
Fatih Gür(PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-0776-5754
Pages
578–591
Publication Date
2026-06-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Findings indicated that, in terms of set main effects, significant differences were observed in average and peak muscle activation, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, and perceived exertion, while no significant differences were found in group interactions (p > 0.05).

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The rest redistribution (RR) method is a contemporary approach in resistance training that redistributes the same total duration as the traditional set (TS) method but with shorter and more frequent rest intervals.
📊
Key Findings & Data:This study aimed to compare the acute effects of the TS and RR methods on muscle activation, perceived fatigue, and jump performance.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Findings indicated that, in terms of set main effects, significant differences were observed in average and peak muscle activation, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, and perceived exertion, while no significant differences were found in group interactions (p > 0.05).
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Karşı hareketli sıçrama · kas aktivitesi · nöromüsküler performans

Abstract

The rest redistribution (RR) method is a contemporary approach in resistance training that redistributes the same total duration as the traditional set (TS) method but with shorter and more frequent rest intervals. This study aimed to compare the acute effects of the TS and RR methods on muscle activation, perceived fatigue, and jump performance. Twenty-two sports science students (age: 23.50 ± 3.05 years) with resistance training experience participated in this randomized crossover design study. Participants performed barbell squat exercises at 70% of their one-repetition maximum using three different resistance training protocols: TS (5 sets of 8 repetitions; 3 minutes of rest between sets), RR1 (40 sets of 1 repetition; 18.5 seconds of rest between sets), and RR2 (10 sets of 4 repetitions; 1 minute and 20 seconds of rest between sets). Findings indicated that, in terms of set main effects, significant differences were observed in average and peak muscle activation, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, and perceived exertion, while no significant differences were found in group interactions (p > 0.05). However, for the protocol x set interaction, a significant difference was observed only in perceived exertion (p < 0.05). These results suggest that traditional and rest redistribution set structures produce similar performance outcomes under equal training volumes, while lower perceived fatigue is experienced with the traditional set protocol during ongoing sets. In contrast, general training evaluations revealed lower perceived fatigue with the RR2 protocol.

Özet

Rest Redistribution (RR) yöntemi, geleneksel set (TS) yöntemiyle aynı toplam süreyi yeniden dağıtan, ancak daha kısa ve daha sık dinlenme aralıkları içeren, direnç antrenmanında çağdaş bir yaklaşımdır. Bu çalışma, TS ve RR yöntemlerinin kas aktivasyonu, algılanan yorgunluk ve sıçrama performansı üzerindeki akut etkilerini karşılaştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Direnç antrenmanı deneyimi olan 22 spor bilimi öğrencisi (yaş: 23,50 ± 3,05) bu randomize çapraz tasarımlı çalışmaya katılmıştır. Katılımcılar, üç farklı direnç antrenmanı protokolü kullanarak, tek tekrar maksimumlarının %70'inde barbell squat egzersizleri yaptılar: TS (5 set 8 tekrar; setler arasında 3 dakika dinlenme), RR1 (40 set 1 tekrar; setler arasında 18,5 saniye dinlenme) ve RR2 (10 set 4 tekrar; setler arasında 1 dakika 20 saniye dinlenme). Bulgular, set ana etkileri açısından, ortalama ve en yüksek kas aktivasyonu, karşı hareket sıçraması (CMJ) yüksekliği ve algılanan eforda önemli farklılıklar gözlemlendiğini, ancak grup etkileşimlerinde önemli bir fark bulunmadığını gösterdi (p > 0,05). Ancak, protokol x set etkileşimi için, yalnızca algılanan eforda önemli bir fark gözlemlenmiştir (p < 0,05). Bu sonuçlar, geleneksel ve dinlenme yeniden dağıtım set yapılarının eşit antrenman hacimleri altında benzer performans sonuçları ürettiğini, ancak devam eden setler sırasında geleneksel set protokolü ile daha düşük algılanan yorgunluk yaşandığını göstermektedir. Buna karşın, genel antrenman değerlendirmeleri RR2 protokolü ile daha düşük algılanan yorgunluk ortaya koymuştur.

🔖

Cite This Article

Serter, B., Gür, F., *, B. S. (2026). ACUTE EFFECTS OF REST REDISTRIBUTION SET STRUCTURES ON MUSCLE ACTIVATION, PERCEIVED FATIGUE, AND JUMP PERFORMANCE: A RANDOMIZED CROSSOVER TRIAL. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 578–591. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1844918

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (36)

  1. Balsalobre-Fernández, C., Kuzdub, M., Poveda-Ortiz, P., & Campo-Vecino, J. D. (2016). Validity and Reliability of the PUSH Wearable Device to Measure Movement Velocity During the Back Squat Exercise. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(7), 1968–1974. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001284
  2. Balshaw, T. G., & Hunter, A. M. (2012). Evaluation of electromyography normalisation methods for the back squat. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 22(2), 308–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.11.009
  3. Beck, T. W. (2013). The Importance of A Priori Sample Size Estimation in Strength and Conditioning Research. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(8), 2323–2337. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318278eea0
  4. Cerrah, A. O., Ertan, H., & Soylu, A. R. (2010). Spor Bilimlerinde Elektromiyografi Kullanımı. Ankara Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 043–049. Https://Doi.Org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000175
  5. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed). L. Erlbaum Associates.
  6. Cuevas-Aburto, J., Jukic, I., Chirosa-Ríos, L. J., González-Hernández, J. M., Janicijevic, D., Barboza-González, P., Guede-Rojas, F., & García-Ramos, A. (2022a). Effect of traditional, cluster, and rest redistribution set configurations on neuromuscular and perceptual responses during strength-oriented resistance training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 36(6), 1490–1497.
  7. Cuevas-Aburto, J., Jukic, I., Chirosa-Ríos, L. J., González-Hernández, J. M., Janicijevic, D., Barboza-González, P., Guede-Rojas, F., & García-Ramos, A. (2022b). Effect of Traditional, Cluster, and Rest Redistribution Set Configurations on Neuromuscular and Perceptual Responses During Strength-Oriented Resistance Training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 36(6), 1490–1497. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003658
  8. Haff, G. G., Hobbs, R. T., Haff, E. E., Sands, W. A., Pierce, K. C., & Stone, M. H. (2008). Cluster training: A novel method for introducing training program variation. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 30(1), 67–76.
  9. Hardee, J. P., Triplett, N. T., Utter, A. C., Zwetsloot, K. A., & Mcbride, J. M. (2012). Effect of interrepetition rest on power output in the power clean. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(4), 883–889.
  10. Ho, I. M. K., Luk, J. T. C., Ngo, J. K., & Wong, D. P. (2021). Effects of Different Intraset Rest Durations on Lifting Performance and Self-perceived Exertion During Bench Press Exercise. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 35(8), 2114–2120. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003101
  11. Hyldahl, R. D., Chen, T. C., & Nosaka, K. (2017). Mechanisms and mediators of the skeletal muscle repeated bout effect. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 45(1), 24-33.
  12. Jovanović, M., & Flanagan, D. E. P. (2014). Researched Applıcatıons of Velocıty Based Strength Training. Journal of Australian Strength & Conditioning, 21(1), 58-69.
  13. Jukic, I., Ramos, A. G., Helms, E. R., McGuigan, M. R., & Tufano, J. J. (2020a). Acute effects of cluster and rest redistribution set structures on mechanical, metabolic, and perceptual fatigue during and after resistance training: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 50, 2209–2236.
  14. Jukic, I., Ramos, A. G., Helms, E. R., McGuigan, M. R., & Tufano, J. J. (2020b). Acute Effects of Cluster and Rest Redistribution Set Structures on Mechanical, Metabolic, and Perceptual Fatigue During and After Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 50(12), 2209–2236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01344-2
  15. Jukic, I., & Tufano, J. J. (2019a). Shorter but More Frequent Rest Periods: No Effect on Velocity and Power Compared to Traditional Sets not Performed to Failure. Journal of Human Kinetics, 66(1), 257–268. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0070
  16. Jukic, I., & Tufano, J. J. (2019b). Shorter but More Frequent Rest Periods: No Effect on Velocity and Power Compared to Traditional Sets not Performed to Failure. Journal of Human Kinetics, 66(1), 257–268. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0070 Jukic, I., & Tufano, J. J. (2022a). Acute effects of shorter but more frequent rest periods on mechanical and perceptual fatigue during a weightlifting derivative at different loads in strength-trained men. Sports Biomechanics, 21(9), 1122–1135. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2020.1747530
  17. Jukic, I., & Tufano, J. J. (2022b). Acute effects of shorter but more frequent rest periods on mechanical and perceptual fatigue during a weightlifting derivative at different loads in strength-trained men. Sports Biomechanics, 21(9), 1122–1135. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2020.1747530
  18. Jukic, I., Van Hooren, B., Ramos, A. G., Helms, E. R., McGuigan, M. R., & Tufano, J. J. (2021). The Effects of Set Structure Manipulation on Chronic Adaptations to Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 51(5), 1061–1086. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01423-4
  19. Korak, J. A., Paquette, M. R., Brooks, J., Fuller, D. K., & Coons, J. M. (2017). Effect of rest-pause vs. Traditional bench press training on muscle strength, electromyography, and lifting volume in randomized trial protocols. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 117(9), 1891–1896. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3661-6
  20. Marshall, P. W. M., Robbins, D. A., Wrightson, A. W., & Siegler, J. C. (2012). Acute neuromuscular and fatigue responses to the rest-pause method. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 15(2), 153–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2011.08.003
  21. Maughan, R. J., & Shirreffs, S. M. (2012). Nutrition for sports performance: Issues and opportunities. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 71(1), 112–119. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665111003211
  22. McHugh, M. P. (2003). Recent advances in the understanding of the repeated bout effect: the protective effect against muscle damage from a single bout of eccentric exercise. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 13(2), 88-97.
  23. Montalvo, S., Gonzalez, M. P., Dietze-Hermosa, M. S., Eggleston, J. D., & Dorgo, S. (2021). Common Vertical Jump and Reactive Strength Index Measuring Devices: A Validity and Reliability Analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 35(5), 1234–1243. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003988
  24. Morales-Artacho, A. J., García-Ramos, A., Pérez-Castilla, A., Padial, P., Gomez, A. M., Peinado, A. M., Pérez-Córdoba, J. L., & Feriche, B. (2019). Muscle Activation During Power-Oriented Resistance Training: Continuous vs. Cluster Set Configurations. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33 Suppl 1, S95–S102. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002811
  25. Oliver, J. M., Kreutzer, A., Jenke, S. C., Phillips, M. D., Mitchell, J. B., & Jones, M. T. (2016). Velocity Drives Greater Power Observed During Back Squat Using Cluster Sets. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(1), 235–243. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001023
  26. Ortega-Becerra, M., Sánchez-Moreno, M., & Pareja-Blanco, F. (2021). Effects of Cluster Set Configuration on Mechanical Performance and Neuromuscular Activity. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 35(2), 310–317. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003907
  27. Páez-Maldonado, J. A., Cornejo-Daza, P., Sánchez-Valdepeñas, J., Sánchez-Moreno, M., Yuzo-Nakamura, F., Pareja-Blanco, F., & Ortega-Becerra, M. (2024). Acute Metabolic Response, Neuromuscular Activity, and Mechanical Performance to Different Set. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(11), 820–828. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2179-3817
  28. Spiering, B. A., Kraemer, W. J., Anderson, J. M., Armstrong, L. E., Nindl, B. C., Volek, J. S., & Maresh, C. M. (2008). Resistance Exercise Biology: Manipulation of Resistance Exercise Programme Variables Determines the Responses of Cellular and Molecular Signalling Pathways. Sports Medicine, 38(7), 527–540. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838070-00001
  29. Stegeman, D., & Hermens, H. (2007). Standards for surface electromyography: The European project Surface EMG for non-invasive assessment of muscles (SENIAM). Enschede: Roessingh Research and Development, 10(8).
  30. Suchomel, T. J., Nimphius, S., & Stone, M. H. (2016). The importance of muscular strength in athletic performance. Sports Medicine, 46, 1419–1449.
  31. Tufano, J. J., Brown, L. E., & Haff, G. G. (2017). Theoretical and practical aspects of different cluster set structures: A systematic review. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(3), 848–867.
  32. Tufano, J. J., Conlon, J. A., Nimphius, S., Brown, L. E., Seitz, L. B., Williamson, B. D., & Haff, G. G. (2016). Maintenance of Velocity and Power With Cluster Sets During High-Volume Back Squats. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 11(7), 885–892. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0602
  33. Watson, A. M. (2017). Sleep and athletic performance. Current sports medicine reports, 16(6), 413-418.
  34. Westcott, W. L. (2012). Resistance training is medicine: effects of strength training on health. Current sports medicine reports, 11(4), 209-216.
  35. Wiewelhove, T., Döweling, A., Schneider, C., Hottenrott, L., Meyer, T., Kellmann, M., Pfeiffer, M., & Ferrauti, A. (2019). A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Foam Rolling on Performance and Recovery. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 376. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00376
  36. Williams, N. (2017). The Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale. Occupational medicine, 67(5), 404-405.