Journals / OANNES - Uluslararası Eskiçağ Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi / 2026 / Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Mythological Continuity Between Ninurta and Marduk in the Ancient Mesopotamian Chaoskampf Tradition

Eski Mezopotamya Kaos Savaşı Geleneğinde Ninurta ile Marduk Arasındaki Mitolojik Süreklilik

Yeşim Dilek(ANKARA HACI BAYRAM VELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-0863-5468
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Publication Date
2026-09-27
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The aim of this study is to examine the reflections of Marduk and Enuma Eliš within the framework of these three mythological stories belonging to Ninurta.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:The motif of the War of Chaos (Chaoskampf) is a widespread mythological concept that serves as the ultimate justification for all royal actions and forms the basis of all military operations.
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Key Findings & Data:It is particularly noteworthy that the Babylonian god Marduk, in the 2nd millennium BCE, rose to equal rank with Ninurta’s father Enlil, yet incorporated Ninurta’s warlike qualities and heroic deeds into his own persona.
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Conclusion & Impact:The aim of this study is to examine the reflections of Marduk and Enuma Eliš within the framework of these three mythological stories belonging to Ninurta.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Ancient Mesopotamia · Chaoskampf · Gods

Abstract

The motif of the War of Chaos (Chaoskampf) is a widespread mythological concept that serves as the ultimate justification for all royal actions and forms the basis of all military operations. Each of the heroic tales about warrior gods in Mesopotamia references the poems that came before it and forms a coherent group within a historical context. Indirect references are embedded in these tales, showing how a god is recognized by demonstrating his power and how a hero, using allusive devices to prove his superiority over his ancestors, essentially amplifies the power of one or more gods. The god Ninurta is the earliest hero of the chaoskampf myth, which expresses the battle against chaos in Mesopotamia, his struggle against mountains, monsters, and demons forms the cornerstone of his mythology. It is particularly noteworthy that the Babylonian god Marduk, in the 2nd millennium BCE, rose to equal rank with Ninurta’s father Enlil, yet incorporated Ninurta’s warlike qualities and heroic deeds into his own persona. Among Ninurta’s tales of battling chaos, the most significant are the Lugal-e and Anzu Epic. Another major work featuring this deity as the hero is Angim, which recounts his journey following his victory over the demon Asag. The themes and motifs of these three mythological stories contain certain elements that foreshadow Marduk, who later became the chief god of Babylon. The aim of this study is to examine the reflections of Marduk and Enuma Eliš within the framework of these three mythological stories belonging to Ninurta.

Özet

Kaos Savaşı (Chaoskampf) teması, tüm kraliyet eylemlerinin nihai gerekçesi olarak işlev gören ve tüm askeri operasyonların temelini oluşturan yaygın bir mitolojik kavramdır. Mezopotamya'daki savaşçı tanrılarla ilgili her bir kahramanlık öyküsü, kendinden önceki şiirleri referans alır ve tarihsel bir bağlam içinde tutarlı bir grup oluşturur. Bu öykülere gömülü dolaylı referanslar, bir tanrının gücünü göstererek nasıl tanındığını ve bir kahramanın, atalarına üstünlüğünü kanıtlamak için imalı araçlar kullanarak, esasen bir veya daha fazla tanrının gücünü nasıl artırdığını gösterir. Tanrı Ninurta, Mezopotamya'da kaosa karşı savaşı ifade eden kaoskampf mitinin en eski kahramanıdır dağlara, canavarlara ve iblislere karşı mücadelesi, mitolojisinin temel taşını oluşturur. MÖ 2. binyılda Babil tanrısı Marduk'un, Ninurta'nın babası Enlil ile eşit bir konuma yükselmesine rağmen, Ninurta'nın savaşçı niteliklerini ve kahramanca eylemlerini kendi kişiliğine dahil etmesi özellikle dikkat çekicidir. Ninurta’nın kaosla mücadelesini anlatan öyküler arasında en önemlileri Lugal-e ve Anzu Destanı’dır. Bu tanrıyı kahraman olarak ele alan bir diğer önemli eser ise, iblis Asag’ı mağlup ettikten sonraki yolculuğunu anlatan Angim’dir. Bu üç mitolojik öykünün temaları ve motifleri, daha sonra Babil’in baş tanrısı olacak Marduk’u önceden haber veren belirli unsurlar içerir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ninurta'ya ait bu üç mitolojik öykü çerçevesinde Marduk ve Enuma Eliš'in yansımalarını incelemektir.

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Cite This Article

Dilek, Y., *, Y. D. (2026). Mythological Continuity Between Ninurta and Marduk in the Ancient Mesopotamian Chaoskampf Tradition. OANNES - Uluslararası Eskiçağ Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, Volume: 8 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1955528

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