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Journals / Mühendis ve Makina / 2026 / Cilt: 67 Sayı: 724

VIBRATION-BASED PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE OF ROLLING BEARINGS: SPECTRAL ANALYSİS OF BEARING DEFECT USING A 5-DOF SHAFT-BEARING MODEL

RULMANLARDA TİTREŞİM TABANLI KESTİRİMCİ BAKIM: RULMAN KUSURLARININ 5-DOF ŞAFT-YATAK MODELİ KULLANILARAK SPEKTRAL ANALİZİ

Hikmet Bal(OSTİM TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-9062-6469
Turan Şişman(OSTİM TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0003-6545-6244
Nizami Aktürk(GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-1398-8145
Pages
412–450
Publication Date
2026-09-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The results show that the increase in preload, reduces the visibility of the bearing failure frequencies in the spectrum, the bearing failure frequencies corresponds to the shaft speed, and resonance occurs when the bearing frequencies exite the shaft natural frequency.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Ball bearings are the most common bearing element used to transmit relative motion in rotational mechanical systems, from household appliances to spacecraft.
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Key Findings & Data:However, they can generate vibration and noise even when they are defect free.
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Conclusion & Impact:The results show that the increase in preload, reduces the visibility of the bearing failure frequencies in the spectrum, the bearing failure frequencies corresponds to the shaft speed, and resonance occurs when the bearing frequencies exite the shaft natural frequency.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Kestirimci Bakım · Bilyeli Rulman · Titreşim

Abstract

Ball bearings are the most common bearing element used to transmit relative motion in rotational mechanical systems, from household appliances to spacecraft. However, they can generate vibration and noise even when they are defect free. Therefore, in order to improve the important parameters such as energy efficiency, system life and downtime in rotating systems, it is essential to analyze the bearings. Predictive maintenance method includes monitoring system vibrations approaches to determi the their condition, is the most suitable approach for this purpose. In this study, the vibration behavior of a 5 DoF rigid shaft-bearing system supported by a pair of angular contact bearings is obtained for different preload, shaft speed, and bearing defects. The vibration data obtained from numerical solutions of the nonlinear equations of motion are analyzed using signal processing techniques in the time and frequency domain and the effects of bearing faults on the vibration behavior are investigated. The results show that the increase in preload, reduces the visibility of the bearing failure frequencies in the spectrum, the bearing failure frequencies corresponds to the shaft speed, and resonance occurs when the bearing frequencies exite the shaft natural frequency. The proposed modeling and analysis results demonstrate the characteristic behaviors of bearing condition identification from vibration data in industrial applications within both time and frequency domains, thereby it is offered as an effective tool for predictive maintenance.

Özet

Ev aletlerinden uzay araçlarına kadar dönel mekanik sistemlerde bağıl hareketin aktasılmasında kullanılan ey yaygın yataklama elemanı bilyeli rulmanlardır. Bununla birlikte, hatasız olsalar bile titreşim ve gürültü üretebilirler. Bu nedenle, dönel sistemlerdeki enerji verimliliği, sistem ömrü, gayrifaal kalma süreleri gibi önemi parametrelerin iyileştirilmesi için rulmanların inçelenmesi elzemdir. Sistem titreşimlerinin izlenmesi ve durumunun tespitine yönelik yaklaşımları içeren kestirimci bakım yöntemi bu amaç için en uygun yaklaşımı teşkil etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, açısal temaslı bir çift rulman ile yataklanmış bir 5 DoF rijit şaft-rulman sisteminin titreşim davranışı değişik ön yükleme, şaft hızı, ve rulman hataları için elde edilmiştir. Non-lineer hareket denklemlerinin nümerik çözümlerinden elde edilen titreşim verileri zaman ve frekans tanım bölgesinde sinyal işleme teknikleri de kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve rulman hatalarının titreşim davranışı üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Sonuçlardan; ön yükleme artışının, rulman hata frekanslarının spektrumda belirginliğinin azalttığı, rulman hata frekanslarının şaft hızını takip ettiği, rulman frekanslarının şaft doğal frekansını tetiklemesi durumunda rezonansın oluştuğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca hata büyüklüğünün spektrumdaki hata frekansının bant genişliğini etkilediği anlaşılmaktadır. Önerilen modelleme ve analiz sonuçları, endüstriyel uygulamalardaki titreşim verilerinden rulman durumunun belirlemesindeki davranış karakteristiklerini zaman ve frekans tanım alanında ortaya koymakta, böylece kestimci bakıma yönelik etkili bir araç olarak sunulmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Bal, H., Şişman, T., Aktürk, N., *, H. B. (2026). VIBRATION-BASED PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE OF ROLLING BEARINGS: SPECTRAL ANALYSİS OF BEARING DEFECT USING A 5-DOF SHAFT-BEARING MODEL. Mühendis ve Makina, Cilt: 67 Sayı: 724, 412–450. https://doi.org/10.46399/muhendismakina.1807486

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