SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Meandros Medical And Dental Journal / 2026 / Volume: 27 Issue: 3

Survival Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of Small Cell Carcinoma of the Kidney and Upper Urinary Tract: A SEER Database Analysis

Böbrek ve Üst Üriner Sistem Küçük Hücreli Karsinomunun Sağkalım Sonuçları ve Prognostik Faktörleri: Bir SEER Veritabanı Analizi

Yasin Aktaş(UŞAK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0001-5255-3780
Mücahit Gelmiş(SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İSTANBUL GAZİOSMANPAŞA SAĞLIK UYGULAMA VE ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ, CERRAHİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, ÜROLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0002-8061-6950
Pages
—
Publication Date
2026-09-24
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

These findings suggest that site-specific, multimodal treatment strategies involving local control and systemic therapy may be beneficial.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: Small cell carcinomas of the kidney (SCCK) and the upper urinary tract (SCC UUT) are exceedingly rare and aggressive malignancies.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Materials and Methods: Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2000–2022) were analysed.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:These findings suggest that site-specific, multimodal treatment strategies involving local control and systemic therapy may be beneficial.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2000–2022 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Small cell carcinoma · Kidney neoplasms · Upper urinary tract

Abstract

Objective: Small cell carcinomas of the kidney (SCCK) and the upper urinary tract (SCC UUT) are exceedingly rare and aggressive malignancies. This study aimed to compare survival outcomes of these two conditions using a large population-based database. Materials and Methods: Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2000–2022) were analysed. Patients with histologically confirmed SCCK (n = 41) and SCC UUT (n = 54) were included. Clinicopathological variables and treatment modalities were evaluated. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models were employed to identify independent prognostic factors. Results: The study cohort consisted of 95 patients. Patients with SCCK exhibited significantly higher rates of distant metastasis than the UUT group (58.5% vs. 40.7%, p = 0.029). The median CSS was 9 months for the UUT group and 6 months for the kidney group (p = 0.068). Multivariate analysis in the kidney group identified surgical intervention (HR: 0.18, p<0.001) and radiotherapy (HR: 0.35, p=0.020) as factors significantly associated with improved survival. Conversely, in the UUT group, distant stage and liver metastasis (HR: 3.94, p = 0.007) were significant predictors of poor prognosis. Conclusion: SCCK and SCC UUT are characterised by early mortality and aggressive clinical courses. Survival in UUT tumours is largely determined by tumour stage and visceral metastasis. Surgical resection and radiotherapy were associated with prolonged survival in patients with kidney tumours. These findings suggest that site-specific, multimodal treatment strategies involving local control and systemic therapy may be beneficial.

Özet

Özet Amaç: Böbrek küçük hücreli karsinomları (KHKB) ve üst üriner sistem küçük hücreli karsinomları (KHK ÜÜS) son derece nadir ve agresif malignitelerdir. Bu çalışma, büyük popülasyon tabanlı bir veritabanı kullanarak bu iki durumun sağkalım sonuçlarını karşılaştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Sürveyans, Epidemiyoloji ve Sonuçlar (SEER) veritabanından (2000–2022) alınan veriler analiz edildi. Histolojik olarak doğrulanmış KHKB (n = 41) ve KHK ÜÜS (n = 54) hastaları çalışmaya dahil edildi. Klinikopatolojik değişkenler ve tedavi yöntemleri değerlendirildi. Kansere özgü sağkalım (CSS) Kaplan-Meier yöntemi kullanılarak belirlendi ve bağımsız prognostik faktörleri belirlemek için Cox orantılı hazard modelleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Çalışma kohortu 95 hastadan oluşmaktaydı. KHKB hastaları, ÜÜS grubuna göre anlamlı derecede daha yüksek uzak metastaz oranları sergiledi (%58.5'e karşı %40.7, p = 0.029). Ortanca CSS, ÜÜS grubu için 9 ay ve böbrek grubu için 6 ay olarak bulundu (p = 0.068). Böbrek grubunda yapılan çok değişkenli analizde, cerrahi müdahale (HR: 0.18, p<0.001) ve radyoterapi (HR: 0.35, p=0.020) artmış sağkalım ile anlamlı düzeyde ilişkili faktörler olarak saptandı. Aksine, ÜÜS grubunda, uzak evre ve karaciğer metastazı (HR: 3.94, p = 0.007) kötü prognozun anlamlı belirleyicileriydi. Sonuç: KHKB ve KHK ÜÜS, erken mortalite ve agresif klinik seyir ile karakterizedir. ÜÜS tümörlerinde sağkalım büyük ölçüde tümör evresi ve visseral metastaz tarafından belirlenir. Böbrek tümörü olan hastalarda cerrahi rezeksiyon ve radyoterapi uzamış sağkalım ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Bu bulgular, lokal kontrol ve sistemik tedaviyi içeren bölgeye özgü, multimodal tedavi stratejilerinin faydalı olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Aktaş, Y., Gelmiş, M. (2026). Survival Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of Small Cell Carcinoma of the Kidney and Upper Urinary Tract: A SEER Database Analysis. Meandros Medical And Dental Journal, Volume: 27 Issue: 3. https://doi.org/10.69601/meandrosmdj.1948960

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (24)

  1. Liao RS, Ruan HT, Jang A, Huynh M, Nadal Rios R, Hoffman-Censits JH, et al. Emerging Insights in Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Genitourinary Tract: From Diagnosis to Novel Therapeutic Horizons. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2024;44:e430336.
  2. Brambilla E. Small Cell Carcinoma. In: Zander DS, Popper HH, Jagirdar J, Haque AK, Cagle PT, Barrios R, editors. Molecular Pathology of Lung Diseases. New York, NY: Springer New York; 2008. p. 293-300.
  3. Jiang J, Han D, Wang J, Wen W, Zhang R, Qin W. Neuroendocrine transdifferentiation in human cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MedComm (2020). 2024;5(10):e761.
  4. Yang G, Bondaruk J, Cogdell D, Wang Z, Lee S, Lee JG, et al. Urothelial-to-Neural Plasticity Drives Progression to Small Cell Bladder Cancer. iScience. 2020;23(6):101201.
  5. Frazier SR, Kaplan PA, Loy TS. The pathology of extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma. Semin Oncol. 2007;34(1):30-8. Shahab N. Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma of the bladder. Semin Oncol. 2007;34(1):15-21.
  6. Baralo B, Schneider M, Baralo I. Survival analysis of small cell carcinomas of the genitourinary system. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2023;36(1):8-14.
  7. Si Q, Dancer J, Stanton ML, Tamboli P, Ro JY, Czerniak BA, et al. Small cell carcinoma of the kidney: a clinicopathologic study of 14 cases. Hum Pathol. 2011;42(11):1792-8.
  8. Xie K, Li XY, Liao BJ, Wu SC, Chen WM. Primary renal small cell carcinoma: A case report. World J Clin Cases. 2022;10(17):5884-92.
  9. Pervez N, El-Gehani F, Joseph K, Dechaphunkul A, Kamal M, Pertschy D, et al. Genitourinary small-cell carcinoma: a single-institution experience. Curr Oncol. 2013;20(5):258-64.
  10. Jang H, Yuk SM, Kim JO, Han DS. A rare case of primary malignant small cell carcinoma combined with urothelial cell carcinoma in the ureter. World J Surg Oncol. 2013;11(1):181.
  11. Yeung HM, Jeurkar C, Pompa T, Styler M. Small Cell Cancer of the Genitourinary Tract: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Oncol. 2017;10(2):489-92.
  12. Mandish SF, Gaskins JT, Yusuf MB, Little BP, Dunlap NE. Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma: Prognostic factors, patterns of care, and overall survival. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2020;46(9):1596-604.
  13. Teo MY, Guercio BJ, Arora A, Hao X, Regazzi AM, Donahue T, et al. Long-term Outcomes of Local and Metastatic Small Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder and Genomic Analysis of Patients Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2022;20(5):431-41.
  14. Luzzago S, Palumbo C, Rosiello G, Knipper S, Pecoraro A, Nazzani S, et al. Survival of Contemporary Patients With Non-metastatic Small-cell Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder, According to Alternative Treatment Modalities. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2020;18(4):e450-e6.
  15. Moschini M, Xylinas E, Zamboni S, Mattei A, Niegisch G, Yu EY, et al. Efficacy of Surgery in the Primary Tumor Site for Metastatic Urothelial Cancer: Analysis of an International, Multicenter, Multidisciplinary Database. Eur Urol Oncol. 2020;3(1):94-101.
  16. Papatsoris AG, Chrisofos M, Skolarikos A, Varkarakis I, Lekas A, Dellis A, et al. Upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma. A 10-year experience. Tumori. 2008;94(1):75-8.
  17. Hew MN, Zonneveld R, Kümmerlin IP, Opondo D, de la Rosette JJ, Laguna MP. Age and gender related differences in renal cell carcinoma in a European cohort. J Urol. 2012;188(1):33-8.
  18. Majhail NS, Elson P, Bukowski RM. Therapy and outcome of small cell carcinoma of the kidney: report of two cases and a systematic review of the literature. Cancer. 2003;97(6):1436-41.
  19. Lim JH, Sundar S. Prognosis of early stage small cell bladder cancer is not always dismal. ESMO Open. 2019;4(6):e000559.
  20. Jiang N, Tian D, Shen Z, Wu P, Hou Y, Xie L, et al. Small cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract and factors associated with progress survival: a systematic review and pooled analysis. Minerva Urol Nefrol. 2020;72(2):115-22.
  21. Pasquier D, Barney B, Sundar S, Poortmans P, Villa S, Nasrallah H, et al. Small Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Retrospective, Multicenter Rare Cancer Network Study of 107 Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2015;92(4):904-10.
  22. Kouba EJ, Cheng L. Understanding the Genetic Landscape of Small Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder and Implications for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment: A Review. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1570-8.
  23. Goldman JW, Dvorkin M, Chen Y, Reinmuth N, Hotta K, Trukhin D, et al. Durvalumab, with or without tremelimumab, plus platinum-etoposide versus platinum-etoposide alone in first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CASPIAN): updated results from a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22(1):51-65.
  24. Koshkin VS, Garcia JA, Reynolds J, Elson P, Magi-Galluzzi C, McKenney JK, et al. Transcriptomic and Protein Analysis of Small-cell Bladder Cancer (SCBC) Identifies Prognostic Biomarkers and DLL3 as a Relevant Therapeutic Target. Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25(1):210-21.