SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Çalışma ve Toplum / 2026 / Cilt: 3 Sayı: 90

The Effects of Artificial Intelligence on Industrial Relations: An Evaluation of Trade Unions, Collective Bargaining, and Strikes

Yapay Zekânın Endüstri İlişkilerine Etkileri: Sendika, Toplu Pazarlık ve Grev Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Sayım Yorgun(İktisat Fakültesi)0000-0002-1733-8222
Pages
1255–1286
Publication Date
2026-07-28
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this context, artificial intelligence creates a new field of interaction between the transformation of control mechanisms within the labour process and the redefinition of trade union representation and collective bargaining institutions.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The increasing integration of artificial intelligence technologies into working life has not only affected production processes but has also transformed the institutional structure of employment relations.
📊
Key Findings & Data:In particular, the spread of algorithmic management systems has generated significant changes in the organization of work, performance evaluation mechanisms and worker surveillance.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In this context, artificial intelligence creates a new field of interaction between the transformation of control mechanisms within the labour process and the redefinition of trade union representation and collective bargaining institutions.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Endüstri ilişkileri · yapay zekâ · sendika

Abstract

The increasing integration of artificial intelligence technologies into working life has not only affected production processes but has also transformed the institutional structure of employment relations. In particular, the spread of algorithmic management systems has generated significant changes in the organization of work, performance evaluation mechanisms and worker surveillance. In this respect, artificial intelligence should not be regarded merely as a technological innovation; rather, it necessitates a renewed industrial relations framework in relation to trade unions, collective bargaining and strikes. This article examines the effects of artificial intelligence on industrial relations through three central institutional dimensions: trade unions, collective bargaining and strikes. First, it discusses how artificial intelligence and algorithmic management systems restructure managerial authority and the labour process in the workplace. Second, it analyses the strategies developed by trade unions in response to this technological transformation and the new bargaining issues concerning artificial intelligence that have emerged within collective bargaining processes. Third, it evaluates the implications of artificial intelligence for worker resistance and labour conflict, and examines whether technological change gives rise to new strike dynamics. The article argues that artificial intelligence is not merely a factor affecting the labour market, but also a process that reshapes the core institutions of industrial relations. In this context, artificial intelligence creates a new field of interaction between the transformation of control mechanisms within the labour process and the redefinition of trade union representation and collective bargaining institutions.

Özet

Yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin çalışma hayatına giderek daha fazla entegre olması yalnızca üretim süreçlerini etkilemedi, aynı zamanda çalışma ilişkilerinin kurumsal yapısını da dönüştürmektedir. Özellikle algoritmik yönetim sistemlerinin yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte işin organizasyonu, performans değerlendirme mekanizmaları ve işçi gözetimi gibi alanlarda önemli değişimlerin ortaya çıkması ve yapay zekânın yalnızca teknolojik bir yenilik olmaması, aynı zamanda sendikalar, toplu pazarlık ve grev açısından yeni bir endüstri ilişkileri arayışını gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu makale yapay zekânın endüstri ilişkileri üzerindeki etkilerini üç temel kurumsal alan üzerinden incelemektedir: sendika, toplu pazarlık ve grev. İlk olarak yapay zekâ ve algoritmik yönetim sistemlerinin işyerinde yönetim otoritesini ve emek sürecini nasıl yapılandırdığı tartışılmakta, ikincisi sendikaların bu teknolojik dönüşüme karşı geliştirdiği stratejiler ve toplu pazarlık süreçlerinde yapay zekâya ilişkin ortaya çıkan yeni müzakere başlıkları analiz edilmekte, üçüncüsü ise yapay zekânın işçi direnişi ve emek çatışmaları üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmekte ve teknolojik değişimin yeni grev dinamikleri yaratıp yaratmadığı incelenmektedir. Makale, yapay zekânın yalnızca iş piyasasını etkileyen bir faktör olmadığını ve aynı zamanda endüstri ilişkilerinin temel kurumlarını yeniden şekillendiren bir süreç olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Bu bağlamda yapay zekâ, emek sürecinde kontrol mekanizmalarının dönüşümü ile sendikal temsil ve toplu pazarlık kurumlarının yeniden tanımlanması arasında yeni bir ilişki alanı yaratmaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Yorgun, S. (2026). The Effects of Artificial Intelligence on Industrial Relations: An Evaluation of Trade Unions, Collective Bargaining, and Strikes. Çalışma ve Toplum, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 90, 1255–1286. https://doi.org/10.54752/ct.1980125

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (42)

  1. Aloisi, A., ve De Stefano, V. (2022). Algorithmic management and collective bargaining: The case for labour protection in the digital age. Industrial Law Journal, 51(2), 195–219. https://doi.org/10.1093/indlaw/dwab031
  2. Autor, D. H. (2015). Why are there still so many jobs? The history and future of workplace automation. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(3), 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.29.3.3
  3. Blanchet, A. (2024, July 4). Trade union strategies on artificial intelligence and collective bargaining on algorithms. Equal Times.
  4. Braverman, H. (1974). Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century. New York: Monthly Review Press.
  5. Brunnerová, S., Ceccon, D., Holubová, B., Kahancová, M., Lukáčová, K., ve Medas, G. (2024). Collective bargaining practices on AI and algorithmic management in European services sectors. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.veUNI Europe
  6. Cant, C. (2020). Riding for Deliveroo: Resistance in the new economy. Polity Press.
  7. De Stefano, V., ve Taes, S. (2021). Algorithmic management and collective bargaining. ETUI Foresight Brief No. 10. European Trade Union Institute (ETUI), Brussels.
  8. De Stefano, V., ve Taes, S. (2023). Algorithmic management and collective bargaining. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 29(1), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/10242589221141055
  9. Edwards, P. (2003). Industrial relations: Theory and practice (2nd ed.). Blackwell Publishing.
  10. European Trade Union Confederation. (2024). Collective bargaining practices on AI and algorithmic management. ETUC.
  11. Eurofound. (2023). Ethical digitalisation at work: From theory to practice. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2806/235924
  12. Frey, C. B., ve Osborne, M. A. (2017). The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 114, 254–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019
  13. Georgieff, A., ve Hyee, R. (2022). Artificial intelligence and employment: New cross-country evidence. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 5, Article 832736. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2022.832736
  14. Gmyrek, P., Berg, J., Kamiński, K., Konopczyński, F., Ładna, A., Nafradi, B., Rosłaniec, K., ve Troszyński, M. (2025). Generative AI and jobs: A refined global index of occupational exposure (ILO Working Paper No. 140). International Labour Organization. https://doi.org/10.54394/HETP0387
  15. Hall, P. A., ve Soskice, D. (Eds.). (2001). Varieties of capitalism: The institutional foundations of comparative advantage. Oxford University Press.
  16. Huws, U. (2014). Labor in the global digital economy: The cybertariat comes of age. Monthly Review Press.
  17. Hyman, R. (2001). Understanding European trade unionism: Between market, class and society. SAGE Publications.
  18. Kellogg, K. C., Valentine, M. A., ve Christin, A. (2020). Algorithms at work: The new contested terrain of control. Academy of Management Annals, 14(1), 366–410.
  19. Kerckhofs, P. (2025). Collective bargaining on artificial intelligence at work. Eurofound. https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/publications/all/collective-bargaining-on-artificial-intelligence-at-work
  20. Kyriakoudes, K. J. (2024). Securing workers’ futures: Why replacing union workers with artificial intelligence in creative professions is the new subcontracting. American University Law Review, 73(5), 1569–1612.
  21. Kwa, T., West, B., Becker, J., Deng, A., Garcia, K., Hasin, M., vd. (2025). Measuring AI ability to complete long tasks. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.14499
  22. Litardi, C., Adăscăliței, D., ve Widera, S. (2024). Regulatory responses to algorithmic management in the EU. Eurofound. https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/publications/all/regulatory-responses-algorithmic-management-eu
  23. Lorenz, P., Perset, K., ve Berryhill, J. (2023). Initial policy considerations for generative artificial intelligence (OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers No. 1). OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/cb4f603a-en
  24. Milanez, A., Lemmens, A., ve Ruggiu, C. (2025). Algorithmic management in the workplace: New evidence from an OECD employer survey (OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers No. 31). OECD Publishing.
  25. Moore, P. V., ve Robinson, A. (2016). The quantified self in precarity: Work, technology and what counts. New Media ve Society, 18(11), 2774–2792. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815604325
  26. Moore, P. V., Upchurch, M., ve Whittaker, X. (Eds.). (2018). Humans and machines at work: Monitoring, surveillance and automation in contemporary capitalism. Palgrave Macmillan.
  27. OECD. (2023). OECD Employment Outlook 2023: Artificial intelligence and the labour market. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/08785bba-en
  28. OECD. (2024). OECD Employment Outlook 2024: The Net-Zero Transition and the Labour Market. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/ac8b3538-en
  29. Picard, S. (Ed.). (2022). New frontiers for collective bargaining: A short guidance on emerging topics. European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC).
  30. Rong, H., Mavlonova, M., Subhan, F., Holmes, E., Spaulding, E., Di Lullo, A., ve Bielik, D. (2025). AI skills opportunity map: Preparing the next generation workforce. Digital Education Council ve Google.org.
  31. Srnicek, N. (2017). Platform capitalism. Polity Press.
  32. Tassinari, A., ve Maccarrone, V. (2020). Riders on the storm: Workplace solidarity among gig economy couriers in Italy and the UK. Work, Employment and Society, 34(1), 35–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017019862954
  33. Thelen, K. (2014). Varieties of liberalization and the new politics of social solidarity. Cambridge University Press.
  34. UNI Global Union. (2023). Algorithmic management: Opportunities for collective action: A guide for workers and trade unions. UNI Global Union.
  35. Voss, E., ve Bertossa, D. (2022). Collective bargaining and digitalization: A global survey of union use of collective bargaining to increase worker control over digitalization. New England Journal of Public Policy, 34(1), Article 10.
  36. Woodcock, J. (2021). The fight against platform capitalism: An inquiry into the global struggles of the gig economy. University of Westminster Press. https://doi.org/10.16997/book51
  37. Woodcock, J., ve Graham, M. (2020). The gig economy: A critical introduction. Polity Press.
  38. Yorgun, S. (2004). Endüstri ilişkilerinde değişim-dönüşüm tartışmaları üzerine bir değerlendirme. Çimento İşverenleri Dergisi, 18(6), 23–35.
  39. Yorgun, S. (2005). Küreselleşme sürecinde Türk sendikacılığında yeni yönelişler ve alternatif öneriler. Çalışma ve Toplum, 3(6), 137–162.
  40. Yorgun, S. (2019). Ekonomik politikalar ve endüstri ilişkilerinin geleceği. Beta Basım Yayın.
  41. Yorgun, S. (2026). The impact of artificial intelligence on collective bargaining: Provisions on AI in the 2023 Hollywood collective agreements. In S. Yorgun ve G. D. Daweas (Eds.), Artificial intelligence in working life. TESAM.
  42. Zuboff, S. (2019). The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. PublicAffairs.